Strategy Guide: 3 rd 9 Weeks Social Studies Common Assessment

1. Strategy Guide:3rd 9 WeeksSocial Studies Common Assessment

2. 1. Describe the role of Christopher Columbus in European Exploration of the Americas. He thought he had discovered a westward route to China when he actually sailed upon the Americas. He is credited with “discovering” the American continents.

3. 2. Define the Columbian Exchange. Describe benefits and disadvantages of the Columbian Exchange for European nations and the Americas. The Columbian Exchange was an exchange of people, foods, and germs between Europe and the Americas.

4. 2. Define the Columbian Exchange. Describe benefits and disadvantages of the Columbian Exchange for European nations and the Americas.

5. 3. Use geographic terms to describe where each of the following European countries claimed land in the “New World.” ENGLAND: eastern coast of modern day US, north eastern path through modern day Canada

6. 3. Use geographic terms to describe where each of the following European countries claimed land in the “New World.” FRANCE: Eastern US (East of Mississippi River to the English Colonies), north eastern coast of modern day Canada

7. 3. Use geographic terms to describe where each of the following European countries claimed land in the “New World.” NETHERLANDS: small claim on mid-eastern atlantic coast, modern day new york city

8. 3. Use geographic terms to describe where each of the following European countries claimed land in the “New World.” SPAIN: southwestern US, modern-day Florida, Mexico, Central America, South America

9. 4. Why did so many European explorers claim land for countries that they were not originally from? Explorers were obligated to claim land for thecountries that paid for their voyages.

10. 5. How did European explorers select locations to begin settlements? Explorers typically founded settlements where there were plentiful natural resources including water and food sources.

11. 6. What is the first settlement in North America that still exists today? Who founded it? Spain founded the settlement of Saint Augustine, Florida, which still exists today.

12. 7. Describe the major economic activity of the French who settled in Canada. The French in modern-day Canada were fur trappers who established business relationships with local Native Americans (especially the Huron).

13. 8. Which country initially became heavily involved in importing African slaves, especially to the Middle Colonies? The Netherlands became involved in the slave trade in North America after first becoming wealthy from trading guns for furs with the powerful Iroquois Native Americans.

14. 9. Why did the English want to take over the Dutch land claims in North America? The English believed they had first claimed ALL of North America when John Cabot sailed upon Canada in the 1400’s.

15. 10. Describe the Starving Time that the settlement of Jamestown, Virginia, experienced. During the Starving Time which lasted from 1609-1610, over 500 settlers died from lack of food at Jamestown. There are various theories about what caused this time of starvation!

16. 11. What role did Captain John Smith play in the Jamestown settlement? He was the leader whose policy requiring all colonists work for their food helped the new colony of Jamestown survive BEFORE the Starving Time.

17. 12. How did Pocahontas help Jamestown survive? After the “Starving Time” she brought peace and increased trade between the colonists and her people and eventually married prominent settler John Rolfe (NOT John Smith).

18. 13. Write a statement to summarize how European settlement impacted Native Americans in the New World. Wherever Europeans settled in the Americas, Native Americans died out in large numbers from disease.

19. 14. Define Triangular Trade. Describe who benefited from the trade and who was hurt by this economic system. Triangular Trade was a three way system of trade during 1600-1800s in which: 
-Africa sent slaves to America, 
-America sent Raw Materials to Europe, 
-and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa. Benefited: Colonists receiving slave labor and finished products, Europeans receiving raw materials Hurt: Africans forced into slavery

20. 15. What was the Middle Passage? Why was it “necessary” to colonists living in North America? The Middle Passage was a brutal journey that slaves were forced to experience from Africa to the Americas. As farmers began growing CASH CROPS, more workers were required to produce more crops to sell for profit, so slaves became a “necessary” part of the colonial economy, especially in the Southern Colonies.

21. 16. What percentage of colonists lived on small, family farms? Why would most settlers choose to live in these environments? 90 % of colonists (9 / 10) lived on small, family farms. Most settlers chose to live in this way because on a farm they could meet most of their own needs for survival.

22. 17. Describe colonial cities. Cities during colonial times were much smaller than today, but they made up for their small size with the noise and dirt created by lots of people and animals. They were usually located on the waterfront and included shops, churches, and sometimes even a school.

23. 18. How could colonists best move up in social class? Gaining wealth or money was the only real way to move up on social class in the colonies. Colonists could become wealthier through hard work or sometimes even marrying into a wealthier family.

24. 19. Thinking about the risks that they faced, explain why anyone would choose to become an indentured servant. The opportunities in the colonies, such as religious freedom and the ability to move up in social class, outweighed the risks of being an indentured servant.

25. 20. Compare and contrast slaves and indentured servants.

26. 21. List the Southern Colonies. Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

27. 22. What economic activity was unique to the Southern region? What conditions allowed this activity to be so successful? Growing cash crops on large plantations was unique to the Southern Colonies. The climate and geography of this region, with fertile land and long, hot summers, allowed these large plantations to flourish.

28. 23. Define cash crops. Describe how they increased slavery in the Southern Colonies. Cash crops are crops grown in large quantities (amounts) to be sold for profit. More workers were required to produce more crops to sell for profit.

29. 24. List the Middle Colonies. New York Pennsylvania New Jersey Delaware

30. 25. Create a generalization to describe the settlers of the Middle Colonies. There was great diversity in the Middle Colonies as people from many countries (England, Germany, Netherlands, Sweden, etc.) with various cultures and religions settled in the Middle Colonies.

31. 26. List the New England Colonies. New Hampshire Massachusetts Connecticut Rhode Island

32. 27. How was the education of children in the New England colonies unique? The New England colonies were the first to offer public schools for elementary aged students.

33. 28. Who was the ultimate ruler of every English Colony in North America? The King of England was the leader of each colonial government in America.

34. 29. What two major ideas came from the Magna Carta, signed by King John in 1215? Governments are based on an agreement or contract between the ruler and people to be ruled. Even the King of England must obey the law.

35. 30. How did the English Bill of Rights apply to colonists living in North America? It spelled out specific rights they had as English citizens.

36. 31. The English Bill of Rights includes the right to petition. Define this right. The right to petition gave colonists the right to request the government to do something or to make a change.

37. 32. List three documents, along with the colony that used each one, that showed the colonists’ desire to govern themselves and solve their own problems. The Fundamental Orders - Connecticut The Mayflower Compact – Massachusetts The Fundamental Constitutions – North & South Carolina

38. 33. Which type of colonial government is most democratic? An assembly is most democratic because members were usually elected by citizens living in the colony.

39. 34. Summarize the reasons English citizens settled in the North American colonies. The English Colonies were founded by people with different goals, ranging from making money to following their religious beliefs.

40. 35. Define primary source. Describe the advantages and limitations of using them in Social Studies. A primary source is a source created by an eyewitness or participant in a historical event.

41. 35. Define secondary source. Describe the advantages and limitations of using them in Social Studies. A secondary source created by someone who was NOT an eyewitness or participant in a historical event.

42. 37. Be able to identify the 13 English Colonies on a map.

43. 38. Be able to identify the European land claims in North America. England Netherlands France Spain