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Glutamatergic-Synapse-Pathway

Glutamatergic-Synapse-Pathway

thomasm2014
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Glutamatergic-Synapse-Pathway

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  1. Glutamatergic Synapse

  2. Glutamate: the major excitatory neurotransmitter at almost all synapses

  3. Neuronal migration • Excitability • Plasticity • Long-term potentiation (LTP) • Long-term depression (LTD) Synaptic cleft Presynaptic terminals Postsynaptic axons Glutamate Synaptic vesicles

  4. ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) voltage sensitive Glutamate receptors Postsynaptic axons metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) ligand sensitive

  5. ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) AMPA Kainate (KA) NMDA GluN1/GluN2A GluN1/GluN2B KA1, KA2, GluR5, GluR6,GluR7 GluA1/GluA2 GluA2/GluA3

  6. Glutamate Na+ AMPA Synapse maturation & Plasticity Postsynaptic axons

  7. Glutamate Na+ Ca2+ NMDA AMPA Depolarization Postsynaptic axons

  8. Glutamate Ca2+ Na+ KA NMDA AMPA Smaller contribution to neuron depolarization than AMPA receptors. Postsynaptic axons

  9. Na+ Ca2+ smaller extent KA NMDA AMPA Fast (<10 ms) Slower (10-100 ms) Synaptic transmission Postsynaptic axons

  10. Glutamate Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) Second messengers Gene expression & Protein synthesis Postsynaptic axons

  11. Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) Group I mGluRs Group II mGluRs Group III mGluRs mGluR1 mGluR5 mGluR2 mGluR3 mGluR4 mGluR6 mGluR7 mGluR8

  12. Presynaptic terminals mGluR4/6/7/8 mGluR2/3 Glutamate Synaptic cleft mGluR1/5 mGluR4/6/7/8 mGluR2/3 Gi/o Gi/o Gs Gi/o Gi/o Gq Ca2+ DAG IP3 cAMP⬇ PLC PKC Postsynaptic axons

  13. Presynaptic terminals EAAT Glutamine Glia Postsynaptic axons

  14. Glutamatergicsynapse-linked Neurodevelopmental disorders • Autism spectrum disorder • Intellectual disability • Down syndrome • Rett syndrome • Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

  15. www.creative-diagnostics.com Glutamatergic Synapse │ 45-1 Ramsey Road, Shirley, NY 11967, USA info@creative-diagnostics.com

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