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Lab 3: Behavior

Lab 3: Behavior. Objectives. Become familiar with methods of collecting behavior data Develop hypotheses and predictions Collect and analyze data Practice presenting data. TA feedback & Quiz. Get ½ sheet of paper (split with neighbor) Put notes away

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Lab 3: Behavior

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  1. Lab 3: Behavior

  2. Objectives Become familiar with methods of collecting behavior data Develop hypotheses and predictions Collect and analyze data Practice presenting data

  3. TA feedback & Quiz • Get ½ sheet of paper (split with neighbor) • Put notes away • Take quiz. 10-15 min. Turn over when finished. • Write TA feedback on ½ sheet • 1 thing that works well for you • 1 thing you would change, how & why THANK YOU!!

  4. Why study behavior? • To better understand the relationship between animals and their environment • Evolution of sociality • To understand human behavior • Conservation, management, pest control

  5. Levels of Behavior individual pair group pop. species

  6. Behavior can be inherited or learned Genetically-based, inherited Learned

  7. Behavior can affect fitness • Fitness: # offspring an individual contributes to the next generation relative to # offspring other individuals of the population contribute • relative genetic contribution to future generations Higher fitness

  8. Behavior can affect fitness • Fitness: # offspring an individual contributes to the next generation relative to # offspring other individuals of the population contribute • relative genetic contribution to future generations • Maximize fitness through increased • Survival • Reproduction

  9. Optimality Theory Optimality modelstry to predict the combination of costs andbenefitsthat will ultimately maximize an individual’s inclusive fitness benefits Net loss costs costs Net gain benefits

  10. Categories of Behavior States Events Behavioral States vs. Events Longer “timed with a stopwatch” Short, instantaneous events Swimming Amount of time Jump # of occurrences

  11. Stickleback behavior • http://www.arkive.org/three-spined-stickleback/gasterosteus-aculeatus-aculeatus/video-ac09b.html • Try to identify • States (duration) • Events (occurrence)

  12. Methods for Observing Behavior Ad libitum – useful in gaining preliminary ideas for research Potential drawback?

  13. Methods for Observing Behavior Ethogram - useful in developing full picture of all behaviors

  14. Methods for Observing Behavior • Focal Animal Sampling (FAS) - observe 1 individual at a time • frequencies/rates of behaviors • states and events • sometimes difficult to follow one individual Why useful?

  15. Methods for Observing Behavior Scan Sampling - samples more than one individual at a time. • better for states rather than events Why is this the case? • data from a number of individuals at the same time

  16. Methods for Observing Behavior Time Budgets - allows for comparisons between individuals, groups and/or species uses durations of behaviors

  17. Stickleback Ethogram Zig: Male darts laterally back and forth Lead: Male approaches female, then quickly turns away and swims toward nest Examine: Female puts her head into opening of nest Tustle: Males lock mouths and pull and thrash

  18. Today’s activity Select species Observe (15-20 min) construct ethogram Question, Hypothesis, Prediction(s) what data do you need to collect? what methods will you use? make a data sheet Collect your data (20-30 min)

  19. Today’s activity • Come back after 1 hour • Analyze data (mean, SE) • Make graphs • Presentation

  20. Focus on ComparisonExample • Q: What affects rates of play in spotted hyena cubs? • H: Food availability affects rates of play in spotted hyena cubs • P: Cubs will play more during periods of high prey • Methods: conduct Focal Animal Sampling on cubs during high prey and low prey periods comparison

  21. Cubs play more when there is more food Test with t-test Comparison of means

  22. Today’s activity • Some potential Locations: • Behind Nat Sci (birds) • Red Cedar River behind Admin (ducks) • Beaumont tower (squirrels)

  23. Today’s activity Meet back in class at: ________ • Select location • Ethogram (15 min) • Q/H/P (make comparison!!) • Determine sampling method • Check in with Alycia • Collect data (20-30 min) • Return to class • I will stay in courtyard behind Nat Sci for Qs

  24. Presentation • Title, Authors • Question, Hypothesis, Prediction(s) • Methods • study site, organism, sampling methods, sample size, stats you plan to use • Results • Ethogram, means, standard errors • Conclusions • biological interpretation, future questions/directions E-mail to Grace: chengrac@msu.edu. Present next week

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