A New Republic

1. A New Republic American Studies 1 Unit 4

2. George Washington Washington’s first precedent as president was to established a cabinet to advise himon the nation Thomas Jefferson Department of State Oversees foreign relations Henry Knox Department of War In charge of the Nation’s defense Alexander Hamilton Department of Treasury Manage the Nation’s money Edmund Randolph: Department of Justice Advise the Government on legal issues

3. George Washington Farewell Address Advice

4. The Whiskey Rebellion A 1794 protest against the government’s taxes on whiskey by backcountry farmers Why did GW send troops? • Troops were sent to stop the uprising of backcountry farmers • Showed the power of the new national government under the Constitution

5. Alexander Hamilton Economic plan • Pay off all war debts • Raise government revenues • Create a national bank Hamilton wanted to improve the nation’s finances and to strengthen the national government. He believed the federal government should pay off the war debts of the states. One way to do this was to tax imported goods.

6. Pinckney’s Treaty Pinckney’s Treaty was an agreement with Spain which gave Americans the right to freely travel on the Mississippi River.

7. What Constitutional issue arose at Election of 1796? Person with highest votes would be President and runner up would be Vice President

8. John Adams Presidency Jay Treaty - agreement that ended the dispute with Britain over American shipping during the French Revolution. XYZ Affair- In 1797, an incident when French officials demanded a bribe from U.S. Diplomats.

9. Alien and Sedition Acts

10. Alien and Sedition ActJohn Adams • Waiting period for immigrants wanting to become American citizens went from 5-14 years • Freedom of Speech and the Press was limited. Did not want people to say anything harmful or false about the government.

11. Alien and Sedition Act Thomas Jefferson and James Madison looked for a way to fight the Alien and Sedition Acts. Nullification- States could nullify, or cancel, any act of Congress that it considered unconstitutional States could decide which laws of the government they wanted to obey.

12. UNIT 4 JEFFERSON TAKES OFFICE

13. In the Presidential election of 1800 there were two political parties going head to head - Federalists - Democratic-Republicans

14. ELECTION OF 1800 FEDERALISTS DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS JOHN ADAMS THOMAS JEFFERSON

15. RADICAL – people who take extreme political positions The Federalists were afraid radicals were getting ready to ruin the United States

16. Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr were tied with 73 electoral college votes

17. The House of Representatives voted to break the tie and it stayed tied until the 36th vote in which Jefferson was elected President 4

18. Jefferson’s many talents and interests included: LAWYER

19. ARCHITECTURE

20. INVENTOR

21. SCIENTIST LITERATURE MUSIC HORSEMAN

22. Jefferson wanted a calm America Thought U.S. would be better off with a nation of farmers

23. Jefferson wanted to make government smaller – less taxes, less federal employees, less government programs

24. JOHN MARSHALL – a Federalist appointed Supreme Court judge, was judge for over 30 years The Federalists retained power after they were defeated because President Adams appointed many Federal Judges before he left office.

26. MARBURY v. MADISON – was a case that established the concept of “judicial review”

27. JUDICIAL REVIEW – Supreme Court has the final say in interpreting the Constitution

28. THE END