Discussion Questions

1. Discussion Questions • Group 1: Explain the effect of wartime nationalism and post-war panic on immigration. • Group 2: Discuss the impact of immigration reform in general, as well as its specific impact on Asian Americans. • Group 3: Describe the immigration situation with Western Hemisphere nations. What changes were seen in the immigration of Mexicans? • Group 4: Explain the “race problem” in terms of regions. What changes did we see during and after World War I?

2. A Clash of Values Chapter 10, Section 3

3. Nativism • Belief that one’s native land needs to be protected against immigrants • Economic recession, influx of immigrants, cultural tensions • Fear and prejudice against Germans and Communists • Blaming immigrants for bombings and loss of jobs

4. Sacco-Vanzetti Case • 15 April 1920 • Two men robbed and murdered two employees of a shoe factory • Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti arrested • Newspapers revealed they were anarchists • 14 July 1921 – found guilty • 6 years of appeals failed to save them from execution

5. Return of the KKK • Front runners of restricting immigration • Old Klan harassed newly freed African Americans • New Klan now after Catholics, Jews, immigrants, etc. • “Un-American” • William J. Simmons – preserve WASP culture • Immigration restrictions stripped Klan of major issue

6. Changes in Immigration • Keep America American • Emergency Quota Act • Annual admission to the US = 3% of total number of people in any ethnic group • National Origins Act • Made immigration restriction permanent • 2% quotas based on census data from 1890 • Pre-dated influx from southern and eastern Europe • Deliberately favored immigrants from northwestern Europe

7. Women’s Movement • “New Morality” glorified youth and personal freedom • Right to vote  sought to break free of traditional roles • Attitudes towards marriage changed • Joined workforce • Break away parental authority • Establish financial independence • Flapper • Bobbed hair, smoked cigarettes, drank liquor, wore makeup, sleeveless dresses, short skirts

8. Women’s Movement Cont. • Rise in female college attendance • Major contributions to: • Medicine: • Florence Sabin and tuberculosis • Literature: Edith Wharton, Willa Cather, and Edna Ferber won Pulitzer Prizes • Margaret Sanger • Families could improve standard of living by limiting number of children • American Birth Control League (1921)  Planned Parenthood • Increase use of birth control

9. Fundamentalism • “New morality” = moral decline • Bible was literally trueand without error • Rejected theory of evolution • Creationism – God created the world as it was described in the Bible

10. Immigration to the United States, 1821-1900

11. Immigration to the United States, 1901-1960

12. Scopes Trial • 1925 Tennessee outlaws evolution • ACLU advertised for teacher to break law • John T. Scopes, Biology • Prosecutor: William Jennings Bryan • Defense Attorney: Clarence Darrow • 8 days of trial, Scopes guilty, $100 fine • Overturned on a technicality • Fundamentalism in political activity declined

13. Creationism Evolution Charles Darwin’s research Geological evidence Big Bang **See Biblical stories as useful allegories • God created the universe in 6 days • Earth is only 10,000 years old • Bible tells of actual events • Great Flood • Earth stood still

14. Prohibition • Rationale: • Religious reasons • Reduce unemployment, domestic violence, and poverty • 18th Amendment • January 1920 • Volstead Act • US Treasury Department responsible for enforcing • Dramatic increase in Federal police power

15. Prohibition Cont. • Treasury Department struggled to enforce • 540,000 arrests • Blatantly ignoring the law • Speakeasies • Bootlegging • Organized crime made huge profits

16. Ending Prohibition • 70 federal agents killed while enforcing Prohibition • Battle to repeal began immediately • 21st Amendment • 1933 • Alcohol consumption down • Society not improved as hopes