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Neurons and synapses

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Neurons and synapses

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  1. Neurons and synapses IB2 Biology Jin Young Huh

  2. Organization of the Nervous System • Central nervous system (CNS) • Brain • Spinal cord • Peripheral nerves

  3. Sensory and motor neurons • Sensory neurons • receptors (sensory cells) • CNS • Motor neurons • CNS • effectors (muscle and gland cells) • Relay neurons • between neurons

  4. Structure of a motor neuron

  5. Synapses • Junction between two neurons • Neurotransmitters • Pre-synaptic neuron • Post-synaptic neuron

  6. Stages in synaptic transmission http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3F5dfmQ3hk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nUY6o-LCWY

  7. Sources • Study Guide • Academico • http://academic.uprm.edu/~ephoebus/id81.htm • Wikispace • http://biologyataglance.wikispaces.com/Controlling+life

  8. Central nervous system (CNS): part of nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord, regulating the body’s responses to external and internal stimuli Neurons: cells in the central nervous system that can carry messages at high speed in the form of electrical impulses. Spinal cord: a long, thin, tubular bundle of nervous tissue and support cells that extends from the brain Peripheral nerves: nerves that connect all parts of the body to the central nervous sytem Sensory neurons: neurons that carry nerve impulses from sensory cells (receptors) to the CNS Motor neurons: neurons that carry impulses from the CNS to effectors (muscle and gland cells) Relay neurons: neurons that carry impulses within the CNS, from one neuron to another Axon: a long, slender projection of a neuron that conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron’s cell body (soma) Dendrites: the branched projections of a neuron that act to conduct the electrochemical stimulation received from other neural cells to soma Neurotransmitters: endogenous chemicals which transmit signals from a neuron to a target cell across a synapse Depolarization: a change in cell’s membrane potential, making it more positive, or less negative Vesicles: a small membrane-enclosed sac that can store or transport susbstances Vocabulary