Developmental Psychology

1. Developmental Psychology Chapter 9: Social Development

2. Types of Families • ________________Family • One parent and 1 or more children • Parent may or may not have been married • Drastic increases in the number of these families • 83% maintained by mothers • 17% maintained by fathers • Children more likely to live below the poverty line • Children more likely to demonstrate emotional or behavioral problems • _______________performance

3. Types of Families • Nuclear Family • Consists of father, a mother and their children • These families are declining in recent years • Extended Family • Consists of one person, a possible mate, possible children they have, and other relatives that live in the household or adjacent home

4. Types of Families • Blended Family • Forms when widowed or divorced person with or without children remarries another person who may or may have been married before, and may or may not have children • Even children are involved from a former marriage a _____________________is formed • Approximately 83% of adult men remarry • Approximately 76% of adult women remarry • 16% percent of American children live in step families • Can you think of issues this family may have?

5. Types of Families • Bi Nuclear • Original family divided into two by divorce or separation • Broken into paternal nuclear family and maternal nuclear family • _____________________ • Sadness • Guilt ________________________________ • Delinquency • Preoccupation with reconciliation • Further studied need for long term outcomes • Can you think of other issues relevant in divorce and bi nuclear families?

6. Types of Families • Gay or Lesbian Family • Consists of two people of opposite sex who live together, with children • Most studies have found that outcomes for children of gay and lesbian parents are no better and no worse than for other children • Further research is necessary as new waves of children have grown up in gay or lesbian families

8. Parenting Styles • Authoritarian • Emphasize obedience • Use force • Restrict autonomy • _____________________and often come from homes with similar parenting styles • Outcomes • Withdrawn • Fearful children • Hostile • Irritable • Angry • Overly aggressive

9. Parenting Styles • Permissive • Few boundaries • Limited restrictions • No shaping of behavior • Indulgent of behavior • Outcomes • Rebelliousness • Self indulgent • Aggressive • impulsive

10. Parenting Styles • Authoritative • Direct activities in a rational manner • ____________________ • Exert control when needed • Needs and interests are respect • Outcomes • Social competency • Self reliant • Self controlled

12. Role Plays • Lets role play some parenting scenarios • Don’t be shy • Volunteers • Display Authoritative, Permissive, and Authoritarian parenting

13. Discipline • Children respond better to parents within a context of a loving trusting relationship • Is more effective when it is consistent rather than erratic • Learning is enhanced if responses involve _________________________ • Discipline is more effective when applied as soon after the offense • Discipline that inflicts pain should not be used. • This includes avoidance of spanking

14. Discipline • Discipline becomes less effective if it is too harsh or too often applied • Parenting extremes are often counterproductive • Too permissive • Too authoritarian • Children are different and may require different approaches to discipline • The child’s age must be taken into account • Avoid punishments that target shame, security, and physiological needs • Use of embarrassment • ___________restrictions • __________ restrictions

16. Other Areas to Explore • Birth order • Effects of parental absence • Divorce and Children • Foster Care/ Adoption • Teen Parents • Peer Development • Moral Development