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Developmental Psychology

Developmental Psychology. The study of YOU from womb to tomb. We are going to study how we change physically, socially, cognitively and morally over our lifetimes. 77-82 Work centers on:. Nature/Nurture Continuity/Stages Stability/Change. Research Methods. Cross-Sectional Studies.

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Developmental Psychology

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  1. Developmental Psychology The study of YOU from womb to tomb. We are going to study how we change physically, socially, cognitively and morally over our lifetimes.

  2. 77-82Work centers on: • Nature/Nurture • Continuity/Stages • Stability/Change

  3. Research Methods Cross-Sectional Studies Longitudinal Studies One group of people studied over a period of time. • Participants of different ages studied at the same time.

  4. Prenatal Development • Conception begins with the drop of an egg and the release of about 200 million sperm. • The sperm penetrates the eggs surface.

  5. Genetics (a review) • genotype • phenotype • what happens when genotype offers conflicting info? • Dominant gene will be displayed. • Recessive characteristic (ex: blue eyes) – both parents genotype is recessive • Sex chromosomes – recessive characteristics only seen in one gender • Occurs on 23rd chromosome – determines gender

  6. The Zygote • Once the sperm penetrates the egg- we have a fertilized egg called…….. The first stage of prenatal development. Lasts about two weeks and consists of rapid cell division.

  7. Zygotes • Less than half of all zygotes survive first 2 weeks. • About 10 days after conception, the zygote will attach itself to the uterine wall. • The outer part of the zygote becomes the placenta (which filters nutrients).

  8. After two weeks, the zygote develops into an…. Embryo • Lasts about 6 weeks (weeks 3-8). • Heart begins to beat and the organs begin to develop. • Amniotic sac – where embryo housed • Umbilical cord – attaches embryo/fetus to placenta

  9. Fetus-3 months + • The fetus by about the 6th month, the stomach and other organs have formed enough to survive outside of mother. • 3 months – fetus can move arms, legs, mouth, head • 4th month – mother experiences quickening • 5th month – distinct sleep-wake cycle • 6th month – brain activity similar to a newborn baby. Can hear. • 7 month on- growth slows, body systems active, body fat increases • http://www.medicinenet.com/fetal_development_pictures_slideshow/article.htm

  10. Teratogens • Chemical agents that can harm the prenatal environment. • Alcohol (FAS) • Other STDs can harm the baby….. • HIV • Herpes • Genital Warts • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=80oJMZHjQTA up to 2:28

  11. Healthy Newborns • Turn head towards voices . • See 8 to 12 inches from their faces. • Gaze longer at human like objects right from birth. • Reflexes • Inborn automatic responses. • Rooting/sucking • Grasping • Moro • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PTz-iVI2mf4 • Babinski • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8sbFQQYbYLk

  12. The Brain and Infancy 82-86 • Born with all brain cells we’ll ever have at birth • Still need to form connections with outside world • Minutes after birth, babies will turn head towards mother’s voice • Although the brain does not develop many new cells, the existing cells begin to work more efficiently- forming more complex neural networks.

  13. Maturation & Memory • Physical growth, regardless of the environment. • Although the timing of our growth may be different, the sequence is almost always the same. • Memory – not fully developed until after 3 years because neural circuitry not connected yet. • “infantile amnesia” – ages 3 and before • Implicit skill memories and attachment

  14. Experience & Brain • Nature vs Nurture • Baby rats in enriched vs impoverished environments- enriched had increased neural circuitry • Myelination – reinforced neural connections, “use it or lose it” principle • Infant Touch-faster growth • Experience nurtures nature • Plasticity • Brain is not hard-wired • Can regenerate/compensate after damage • Younger brain = more plastic • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TSu9HGnlMV0 • Hemispherectomy??

  15. Motor Development • Sequence is the same- but once again timing varies. • First learn to roll over, sit up unsupported, crawl, walk etc…

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