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Introduction to Medical Terminology

Introduction to Medical Terminology. Word Parts. WORD PARTS ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT PART OF MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY. Three types of word parts. Word Roots or combining forms Basic meaning of term Suffixes- end of word Procedure, condition, disorder, or disease Prefixes—beginning of word

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Introduction to Medical Terminology

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  1. Introduction to Medical Terminology

  2. Word Parts • WORD PARTS ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT PART OF MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

  3. Three types of word parts • Word Roots or combining forms • Basic meaning of term • Suffixes- end of word • Procedure, condition, disorder, or disease • Prefixes—beginning of word • Indicate location, time, number, or status

  4. Word Part Guidelines • A single word root part cannot stand alone. A suffix must be added. • The rules for the use of combining vowels apply when adding a suffix. • When a prefix is necessary, it is always placed at the begininning of the word.

  5. Root WordsCombining Forms • Usually used to make word easier to pronounce. • “O” is the most common. • Root word and “\” + vowel=combining form. Cardi\o = combining form for heart.

  6. Word Roots for Color • Cyan/o = blue cyanosis blue color to skin • Erythr/o = red erythrocyte red blood cell • Leuk/o = white Leukocyte white blood cell • Melan/o = black melanosis unusual deposits of black pigment • Poli/o = grey –poliomyelitis viral infection of the grey matter of the spinal cord

  7. Rule for Using Common Vowels • A combining vowel is not used when suffix begins with a vowel. • A combining vowel is used when suffix begins with a consonant. • A combining vowel is always used when two or more root words are joined. • A prefix does not require a combining vowel.

  8. Suffixes • Added to the end of a word to complete the meaning. • Usually : • Procedure -gram • Condition -itis • Disorder -malacia • Disease -osis

  9. Suffixes“Pertaining to” • Changes word to an adjective. Appendix A • -ac -eal -ine -tic • -al -ical -ior • -ar -ial -ory • -ary -ic -ous

  10. Suffixes

  11. SuffixesNoun endings • Some change root to a noun App. A • -a • -e • -um • -us • -y

  12. Suffixes “abnormal condition “ • In general suffixes have a meaning of -abnormal condition of --- • -ago • -esis • -ia • -iasis • -ion • -ism • -osis

  13. Suffixes Pathology • Study of diseases • -algia • -dynia • -it is • -malacia • -megally • -necrosis

  14. Suffixes • -sclerosis • -stenosis

  15. Suffixes • Some identify diseases • -centesis • -ectomy • -graphy • -gram • -plasty • -scopy

  16. SuffixesDouble RRs • Very confusing- just memorize • -rrhage & -rrhagia = bursting forth • -rrhaphy = to suture or stich • -rrhea = abnormal flow of • -rrhexis = rupture

  17. PREFIXES • Usually indicate time, location, or number. • -natal= birth, pertaining to • Prenatal time & events before birth • Perinatal time & events surrounding birth • Postnatal time & events after birth

  18. Ab- away from Dys- bad, difficult, painful Hyper- excessive or increased Inter- beween or amoung Sub- under, less, below Ad- toward Eu good, normal, well, easy Hypo- deficient, decreased Intra- within, inside Supra-above or excessive PREFIXESCONTRASTING &CONFUSING

  19. Determining Meaningsotorhinolaryngology • Start at either end • Ot/o = pertaining to the ear • Vowel “O” used because joining another root • Rhin/o = nose • Laryng/o larynx and throat • No vowel as suffix begins with a vowel • -ology = study of • Study of the ears , nose, and throat • ENT

  20. Medical Dictionary • Guess at meaning but double check for accuracy • If you know spelling • If you do not know spelling • Table 1.5

  21. Medical Dictionary Sounds like May be As in F F flatus PH phlegm J G gingivitis J jaundice K C crepitus CH cholera K kyphosis Qu quadriplegia

  22. Medical Dictionary Sounds like May be As in S C CYTOLOGY PS PSYCHOLOGIST S SEROLOGY Z X XERODERMA Z ZYGOTE

  23. Medical Dictionary • Look under categories • Venereal disease => • diseases, venereal • Fetal alcohol syndrome => • syndrome, fetal alcohol

  24. Medical DictionaryPronunciation quadriplegia (kwad-rih-PLEE-jee-ah) • Text bold followed by (sounds like pronunciation) • Emphasis capital letters and bold • Secondary emphasis lower case and bold

  25. Medical DictionaryPronunciation There may be more than one way to pronounce a term. • Trend toward English even though most terms are derived from Latin, Greek, or other foreign language. • EITHER or either is correct.

  26. SPELLING IS IMPORTANT

  27. SPELLING • Changing one or two letters make a big difference. Renin vs Rennin • Look-alike sound-alike

  28. ABBREVIATIONS • Many are confusing and have multiple meanings…you must look at context

  29. Singular vs Plural Term ends in add Singular Plural a e bursa bursae ex or ix Δ ices index indices -is Δ es diagnosis diagnoses -ites Δ ides arthritis atthritides -nx Δ nges meninx meninges -on Δ a criterion criteria -um Δ a ovum ova -us Δ i aveolus aveoli

  30. Basics Sign objective Symptom subjective Syndrome set of signs & symptoms Diagnosis Differential diagnosis Prognosis Diagnose

  31. Basics Acute rapid onset Chronic long duration Remission disappearance of symptoms but without cure Condition described =>chronic fatigue syndrome Eponym from person’s name Alzeimer’s Acronym from initial letters Laser =>light amplification by stimulated emmission of radiation

  32. Look-alike, Sound-alike • Arteri/o -pertaining to the artery • Ather/o -plaque or fatty substance • Arthr/o -joint • Ileum -part of sm. Intestine • Ilium -hip bone

  33. Look-alike, Sound-alike • Infection - invasion by pathogenic organism • Inflammation –localized response to an injury or destruction of tissue. • -itis means infection but has come to mean inflammation also.

  34. Look-alike, Sound-alike • Laceration torn ragged wound • Lesion - pathogenic change due to disease or injury • Mucous (adj.) Describes membrane lining body cavities • Mucus Name of substance created by mucous membranes

  35. Look-alike, Sound-alike • Myc/o fungus • Myel/o bone marrow or spinal cord • My/o muscle • -ologist specialist • -ology study of

  36. Look-alike, Sound-alike -ostomy surgically create an artificial opening -otomy cutting into or surgical incision Palpation -to feel with hands Palpitation –pounding or racing heart

  37. Look-alike, Sound-alike Prostate -male gonad Prostrate -to collapse or be lying flat Pyel/o -renal pelvis Py/o -pus Pyr/o fever or fire

  38. Look-alike, Sound-alike Supination -act of rotating arm Suppuration - formation or discharge of pus Suturing -closing wound by stitching Ligation -binding or tying of vessels

  39. Look-alike, Sound-alike • Triage -medical screening of patients • Trauma -wound or injury • Viral -pertaining to a virus • Virile -possessing masculine traits

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