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Essential Nutrients for Energy: Carbs, Proteins, Lipids, Vitamins, Minerals, Water

Learn about the six classes of essential nutrients - Carbs, Proteins, Lipids, Vitamins, Minerals, and Water. Discover their roles, importance, and the risks of overconsumption. Explore the functions of vitamins and minerals, and why water is crucial for your body. Dive into the digestive system with a detailed breakdown of enzymes and their roles from the mouth to the small intestine. Understand the process of digestion and absorption in the body. Stay prepared for the upcoming test by reviewing and practicing with quizzes and homework assignments.

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Essential Nutrients for Energy: Carbs, Proteins, Lipids, Vitamins, Minerals, Water

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  1. Quiz WHEN? • Ch 3, 48

  2. 48-1: Nutrients

  3. 6 Classes of Nutrients • Carbs • Proteins • Lipids • Vitamins • Minerals • Water http://www.choosemyplate.gov/ More Calories = More Energy!

  4. Veggies w/ ALL essential AAs:

  5. What’s this? • Carb? • Lipid? • Protein?

  6. What if you eat too many... • Carbs? • Proteins? • Lipids?

  7. Vitamins & Minerals • Vitamins are called VITAMINS!! • Minerals are things off the periodic table!! • You NEED BOTH!!!  • Vit – help enzymes work • Some toxic– (fat-soluble) • Min – building body structures, nerves/muscles, etc

  8. Don’t want excess!!

  9. Why do you need water?!?! • Solvent! • Transport gases, nutrients, waste • Chemical reactions • Body temperature

  10. p. 984 #1-6, 9

  11. Pineapple Lab!

  12. 48-2: Digestive System

  13. Let’s Draw! http://my.hrw.com/sh2/sh07_10/student/flash/visual_concepts/60953.htm

  14. Opener, 9/26 • Start making a list…everything you ate and drank alllllllllllllllllllllll day yesterday!

  15. The Digestive Enzymes:let’s label a diagram! Site Mouth Stomach Small intestine(from pancreas) Small intestine Enzyme Role in Digestion Salivary amylase Pepsin Amylase TrypsinLipase Maltase, sucrase, lactase Peptidase Breaks down starches into disaccharides Breaks down proteins into large peptides Continues the breakdown of starch Continues the breakdown of protein Breaks down fat Breaks down remaining disaccharides into monosaccharides Breaks down dipeptides into amino acids.

  16. Finish the Fast Food Sheet • So, which has more CALORIES per gram... • Carbs • Proteins • Lipids

  17. Bring something to eat tomorrow...with a label! ANYTHING! Dinner, snack, ...

  18. Let’s LABEL... 1. MOUTH: • Mechanical digestion (chewing) • Chemical digestion (salivary amylase) • Starch  maltose http://my.hrw.com/sh2/sh07_10/student/flash/visual_concepts/60953.htm

  19. bolus (food ball) moves down by peristalsis • through cardiac sphincter to stomach • NO DIGESTION HERE! 2. Esophagus

  20. “chyme” • Protein digestion begins! • Mechanical Digestion • muscles churn, physically break down (3-4 hrs) • Chemical Digestion • Inactive secretion of pepsinogen • @low pH:  pepsin • Proteins  dipeptides 3. STOMACH

  21. Liver: • Stores glucose (glycogen) • Makes proteins • Breaks down toxins • Makes bile • Gall bladder: • Stores bile  released to sm int  digest fats • Pancreas: • Insulin (blood sugar); raises pH of sm int; • Enzymes for carb, ptn, lipid, nucl acid digestion 4. No food thru here...Liver, Gall Bladder, Pancreas

  22. If stretched out… > 21ft long!! • 3 sections • Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum • Absorption of end products of digestion • AA, glycerol, fatty acids, monosaccharide • Absorbed through villi • Fingerlike projections • Transferred to circulatory system 5. Sm Intestine

  23. Peristalsis moves “leftovers” to lg int • Absorb water here, but nutrients already absorbed • Away it goes!! 6. Lg Intestine (colon)

  24. p. 991 #1-5

  25. TEST TOMORROW!! • REVIEW— • Quiz from Friday (Chapter 2) • Homeworks (Ch 2, 3, 48)

  26. Opener Tues 9/29

  27. p.1000#4,7,8,9,10,11,13,14,15,21

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