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Fig. 9-CO, p. 233

Fig. 9-CO, p. 233. Fig. 9-1, p. 235. Westerlies. Trade winds. Trade winds. Westerlies. Fig. 9-1, p. 235. Fig. 9-2, p. 235. Fig. 9-3, p. 235. North. Westerlies. Atlantic Current. Gulf. Stream. Canary Current. Stream. North. Equatorial Current. Trade winds. Equator.

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Fig. 9-CO, p. 233

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  1. Fig. 9-CO, p. 233

  2. Fig. 9-1, p. 235

  3. Westerlies Trade winds Trade winds Westerlies Fig. 9-1, p. 235

  4. Fig. 9-2, p. 235

  5. Fig. 9-3, p. 235

  6. North Westerlies Atlantic Current Gulf Stream Canary Current Stream North Equatorial Current Trade winds Equator Fig. 9-3, p. 235

  7. Fig. 9-4, p. 236

  8. 60°N A 45°N Westerlies Water moves eastward 30°N Trade winds B 15°N Equator Water moves westward Fig. 9-4, p. 236

  9. Fig. 9-5a, p. 237

  10. Wind Surface water Net Direction of Ekman transport 45° Fig. 9-5a, p. 237

  11. Fig. 9-5b, p. 237

  12. Wind force Direction of motion Friction Fig. 9-5b, p. 237

  13. Fig. 9-5c, p. 237

  14. Wind force Direction of motion Net flow Fig. 9-5c, p. 237

  15. Fig. 9-6, p. 237

  16. Water continues clockwise? N 90° to the right of wind direction is up here Trade wind Direction of water movement B At 15°N 30°–45° Fig. 9-6, p. 237

  17. 90° to the right of wind direction is up here At 15°N 30°– 45° Water continues clockwise? Trade wind Direction of water movement Stepped Art Fig. 9-6, p. 237

  18. Fig. 9-7a, p. 238

  19. N 60°N North America Hill’s center offset to west Europe W E B Coriolis effect 15°N Equator Pressure gradient S Pycnocline Fig. 9-7a, p. 238

  20. Fig. 9-7b, p. 238

  21. North Atlantic Current Gulf Stream Canary Current Ekman transport forms dome . . . Which sinks . . .com- pressing the layers beneath . . . forcing those layers to spread Thermocline is pushed deeper Fig. 9-7b, p. 238

  22. Fig. 9-7c, p. 238

  23. Center of hill Fig. 9-7c, p. 238

  24. Fig. 9-8a, p. 239

  25. Fig. 9-8b, p. 239

  26. Fig. 9-9, p. 240

  27. Fig. 9-10, p. 240

  28. Fig. 9-11, p. 241

  29. Cold water W Cape Hatteras C C W Western boundary of current Eastern boundary of current Warm water Fig. 9-11 top, p. 241

  30. Cold water Cold water C W Warm water Warm water Fig. 9-11a/b, p. 241

  31. Cold water Cold water C C W W Warm water Warm water Fig. 9-11c/d, p. 241

  32. Fig. 9-12a, p. 242

  33. Fig. 9-12b, p. 242

  34. Table 9-1, p. 243

  35. Fig. 9-13a, p. 243

  36. Without the Coriolis effect, ocean gyres would look like this: With the Coriolis effect, they look like this: Center of geostrophic “hill” is offset to the west. Fig. 9-13a, p. 243

  37. Fig. 9-13b, p. 243

  38. Steep slope Top of hill Gentle slope Gulf Stream N Canary Current Sargasso Sea Water surface Narrow, deep, warm, strong currents Broad, shallow, cold, weak currents Fig. 9-13b, p. 243

  39. Fig. 9-14, p. 244

  40. High-pressure air mass High-pressure air mass Pacific Ocean Atlantic Ocean Fig. 9-14, p. 244

  41. Fig. 9-15a, p. 246

  42. N ~5°N Equator 0° latitude Upwelling South Equatorial Current ~100 m (330 ft) Southeast trade wind Equatorial undercurrent (>100 m) Fig. 9-15a, p. 246

  43. Fig. 9-15b, p. 246

  44. Global Wind-induced Upwelling (cm/day) Fig. 9-15b, p. 246

  45. Fig. 9-16a, p. 247

  46. Wind from north Oregon-California 20° 18° 16° Ekman transport To the west Thermocline Offshore current Upwelling Continental shelf Fig. 9-16a, p. 247

  47. Fig. 9-16b, p. 247

  48. Fig. 9-17, p. 247

  49. Wind from south Oregon-California Ekman transport 20° 18° 16° To the east Thermocline Downwelling Continental shelf Fig. 9-17, p. 247

  50. Fig. 9-18a, p. 248

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