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The Reliability of Offspring's Reports on Parental Smoking History in Surveys

This study assesses the reliability of offspring's reports on parental smoking habits in surveys. Factors impacting responses are analyzed, focusing on differences between siblings and twins. Data from the NAG and IRPG Projects involving 2713 families are examined. Results show moderate to high reliability, with variations between male and female offspring. The influence of parental drinking habits on reliability is also explored.

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The Reliability of Offspring's Reports on Parental Smoking History in Surveys

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  1. Reliability of Offspring’s Reports on Parental Smoking History in Smoking Surveys and Factors Affecting Responses Stephanie Thau

  2. Questions • How reliable is offspring’s report on parental cigarette use? • Does the reliability differ between siblings and twins? • Can we identify characteristics that impact the extent to which offspring’s reports of parental smoking match parent’s self-reports?

  3. Sample • The data comes from the NAG (Nicotine Addiction Genetics) Project, conducted by Pam Madden, Ph.D., and the IRPG Project, conducted by Andrew Heath, D.Phil. There were 2713 families, with a total of 9688 participants, ranging in age from 18-91. Of those, 5163 (53.3%) were female and 4525 (46.7%) were male. • There were 1272 participants from 597 families with either a mother or father that participated in the survey. There were 515 mothers that participated and 374 fathers. Of those with at least one parent participating with a history of regular smoking, 89% experienced that parent smoking during their lifetime.

  4. Percentages of Mom’s Reports of Their Own Smoking Compared to Offspring’s Reports of Their Mom’s Smoking Note: Offspring used was the oldest offspring in a family

  5. Percentages of Dad’s Reports of Their Own Smoking Compared to Offspring’s Reports of Their Dad’s Smoking Note: Offspring used was the oldest offspring in a family

  6. Correlation Between All Offspring’s Reports of Parental Smoking Habits (n=1732) and Parental Self Report (mom n=515, dad n=374)

  7. All Female Offspring’s Reports of Parental Smoking Habits (n=886) Compared With Parent’s Self Report (mom n=515, dad n=374)

  8. All Male Offspring’s Reports of Parental Smoking Habits (n=846) Compared With Parent’s Self Report (mom n=515, dad n=374)

  9. Reports of Parental Smoking Habits by Offspring with a History of Regular Smoking (n=1595)Compared With Mom’s Self Report (n=515)

  10. Reports of Parental Smoking Habits by Offspring with a History of Regular Smoking (n=1595)Compared With Dad’s Self Report (n=374)

  11. Reports of Parental Smoking Habits by Offspring Who Were Exposed To Smoking in the Home (n=1121) Compared With Mom’s Self Report (n=515)

  12. Reports of Parental Smoking Habits by Offspring Who Were Exposed To Smoking in the Home (n=1121)Compared With Dad’s Self Report (n=374)

  13. Do Twins Have a Stronger Correlation (# of twin pairs, n=380) Than Siblings (n=1632) in Report of Mom’s Smoking Habits?

  14. Do Twins Have a Stronger Correlation • (# of twin pairs, n=380) Than Siblings (n=1632) in Report of Dad’s Smoking Habits?

  15. Are Female Siblings (n=918) More Reliable Than Male Siblings (n=697) in Report of Mom’s Smoking Habits?

  16. Are Female Siblings (n=918) More Reliable Than Male Siblings (n=697) in Report of Dad’s Smoking Habits?

  17. Does Having a Parent With A Drinking Problem (n=520) or Who Drinks Excessively (n=576) Affect Reliability with Mom’s Responses?

  18. Does Having a Parent With A Drinking Problem (n=520) or Who Drinks Excessively (n=576) Affect Reliability With Dad’s Responses?

  19. Conclusions • For all offspring, reliability is moderate to high in all instances except for dad’s history of regular smoking. • Female offspring were less likely to correctly report their father’s self-reported smoking habits compared to male offspring. • Female and male offspring were similar in report of their mother’s smoking behaviors.

  20. Conclusions (continued) • There was not a subsequent change in reliability of responses if the offspring was a regular smoker. • There is no substantial difference in reliability if the offspring was exposed to smoking in the home. • The reliability of twin’s report of parental smoking behaviors is similar to that of other siblings.

  21. Conclusions (continued) • If offspring reported at least one parent with a drinking problem or that drank excessively, their responses concerning the parent’s smoking behavior were more highly correlated with the parent’s self-reported smoking behavior. Since alcohol problems are correlated with smoking habits, offspring might have a heightened awareness of their parent’s smoking.

  22. References • CA Boyle and EA Brann, Proxy respondents and the validity of occupational and other exposure data. Am J Epidemiol136 (1992), pp. 712–721. • EA Gilpin, JP Pierce, SW Cavinet al., Estimates of population smoking prevalence: Self vs proxy reports of smoking status. Am J Public Health84 (1994), pp. 1576–1579 • T. Barnett, J. O'Loughlin, G. Paradis and L. Renaud, Reliability of proxy reports of parental smoking by elementary schoolchildren, Ann Epidemiol7 (1997), pp. 396–399. • Laniado-Laborin R, Candelaria JI, Villaseñor A, Woodruff SI, Sallis JF. Concordance between parental and children’s reports of parental smoking prompts. Chest 2004;125:429-434. • Patrick DL, Cheadle A, Thompson DC, et al. The validity of self-reported smoking: a review and meta-analysis. Am J Public Health 1994; 84:1394–1401 • Means B, Habina K, Swan G, et al. Cognitive research on response error in survey questions on smoking. National Center for Health Statistics, Vital Health Stat 6 1992; No. 5 • Navarro AM. Smoking status by proxy and self-report: rate of agreement in different ethnic groups. Tob Control 1999; 8:182–185

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