Grammar Worksheet: Dashes vs. Hyphens

1. December 9Bell Work • Complete the following grammar worksheet

2. December 12Bell Work • Complete the worksheet on Dashes.

3. Dash v. Hyphen The Hyphen The hyphen is the shorter mark that is often used to link two or more words together. It can sometimes be seen at the end of a line to break up a whole word that won’t fit into the space. For example: user-friendly | part-time | jump-start | well-known | up-to-date | back-to-back | next-to-last *Note that a hyphen never has spaces on either side.

4. Dash v. Hyphen The Dash is the longer line used as punctuation in sentences – coming in between words (as in this sentence). It can also be used – as here – in pairs. For example: Paul sang his song terribly – and he thought he was brilliant! He’s won the election—granted, there was only a low turnout—but he’s won! The dash only has one purpose: to separate a sentence where there is an interruption that disrupts the flow. The dash differs from the hyphen in its length – the dash (–) is longer than the Hyphen (-).

5. En Dash, Em Dash, Hyphen An em-dash is typically used as a stand-in for a comma or parenthesis to separate out phrases—or even just a word—in a sentence for various reasons (i.e. an appositive). Examples where an em-dash should be used: • School is based on the three R’s—reading, writing, and ’rithmetic. • Against all odds, Pete—the unluckiest man alive—won the lottery. • I sense something; a presence I've not felt since— An en-dash is used to connect values in a range or that are related. A good rule is to use it when you're expressing a "to" relationship. Examples where an en-dash should be used: • in years 1939–1945 • pages 31–32 may be relevant • New York beat Los Angeles 98–95 A hyphen is used to join words in a compound construction, or separate syllables of a word, like during a line break, or (self-evidently) a hyphenated name. • pro-American • cruelty-free eggs • em-dash • it's pronounced hos-pi-tal-it-tee • Oak-lined barrels • Olivia Newton-John

6. Homonyms: Homophones and Homographs Homonyms: Two Types Homophones are words that are pronounced the same but have different meanings, such as pair and pear. Homographs are words that are spelled the same but have different meanings, such as "bow your head" and "tied in a bow”. Common Homonyms: Your v. you’re Capital v. Capitol Principle v. Principal Patience v. Patients Their, They’re, There Its v. It’s Access v. Assess

7. Thomas Jefferson’s Inaugural Speech Purposes of the Speech: • Assure the minority of voters that he will listen to their views, opinions, and needs as designed by law. • Ask for the citizens to come together as one country with respect and tolerance. • Express faith in America’s representative form of government. • Remind citizens why they fought for independence by criticizing less tolerant governments in other countries. • Develop a positive tone that is strongly positive and optimistic.

8. Jefferson’s Political Views: • The representative form of Government, although new, is better than being ruled by royalty. • All politicians should unite based on the principles outlined in the constitution on which the government is based. • Open dialogue is the key to the republic/democratic form of government. Tolerating differences of opinion is the foundation of the new government. • The political parties of the day – the Republicans and the Federalist – have similar beliefs but cautions that his opponents want a stronger national government where as Jefferson wants the strength of the union to focus on State’s rights.

9. Harlem Renaissance • Works tended to romanticize the struggles of African Americans. • Works detailed life in urbanized America and often made connections between the urban and rural worlds where AA lived. • They urged AA to find the strength to continue the struggle. • Often included allusions to Negro Spirituals.

10. Narrative Voice - Points of View First Person: First person is used when the main character is telling the story. This is the kind that uses the "I"  narrator. As a reader, you can only experience the story through this person's eyes. So you won't know anything about the people or events  that this character hasn't personally experienced. First person peripheral indicates that the character telling the story is not the main character but part of the supporting cast. Second Person: Second person point of view is generally only used in instructional writing. It is told from the perspective of "you". Third person: Third personis used when your  narrator is not a character in the story. Third person uses the  "he/she/it" narrator and it is the most commonly used point of view in writing.

11. Third Person POV • Third Person Limited: Limited means that the POV is limited to only one character. Which  means that the narrator only knows what that character knows. With third  person limited you can choose to view the action from right inside the  character's head, or from further away, where the narrator has more  access to information outside the protagonist's viewpoint. • Third Person Multiple: This type is still in the "he/she/it" category, but now the narrator  can follow multiple characters in the story. The challenge is making  sure that the reader knows when you are switching from one character to  another. Make the switch obvious with chapter or section breaks. • Third Person Omniscient: This point of view still uses the "he/she/it" narration but now the  narrator knows EVERYTHING. The narrator isn't limited by what one  character knows, sort of like the narrator is God. The narrator can know  things that others don't, can make comments about what's happening, and  can see inside the minds of other characters.

12. 5 Paragraph EssayThe Introduction Introduction paragraph: • a hook to grab the readers attention. • topic sentences to explain the hook and transition into the thesis. • A three part thesis that tells the reader the topic of the paper and the three points of emphasis in the essay.

13. The Body • Three paragraphs that follow the three-point thesis. • Each paragraph must have a topic sentence (main idea), evidence in a form of a quote or summary, a sentence or two that explains the relevance of the quote to the reader, and a conclusion or transition sentence.

14. Conclusion • Re-state your thesis statement. • Summarize your main points • Add a dramatic statement at the end to add emphasis and connect to your paper’s overall message.