Democracy and Greece’s Golden Age

1. Democracy and Greece’s Golden Age Direct democracy Tragedy Comedy philosopher

2. Pericles’ Plan for Athens • Led Athens for much of it s golden age • Age of Pericles – what were his 3 goals? • To strengthen Athenian democracy • Hold and strengthen the empire • Glorify Athens • How did want to strengthen Athenian democracy – direct democracy • One of greatest architecture – the Parthenon a Greek temple to honor Athena • The Greeks also invented drama as an art form and built the 1st theaters in the West – tragedies and comedies • What are an example of each one?

3. Athenians & Sparta go to War • As Athens grows in wealth & prestige other city-states view it with hostility • Peloponnesian War – Athens vs. Sparta • Athens has better navy Sparta has a better army • Sparta wins war when plague hits Athens • Later Athens send a huge fleet do Sicily to destroy the city-state of Syracuse (Spartan Ally) • Fails Athens loses empire, power, & wealth • Several great thinkers & philosophers • Socrates – poisoned for corrupting the youth of Athens • Plato – writes the Republic • Aristotle – teacher of Alexander the Great

4. Alexander’s Empire Hellenistic

5. Philip Builds Power • Philip becomes king of Greek city-state of Macedonia • He unites all of Greece under his rule • Has a son becomes known as Alexander the Great • Philip planned to invade Persia but is assassinated & Alexander becomes king at 20 years old • 334 B.C. carries out his father’s plan to invade Persia – Darius III king of Persia • His army keeps defeating the Persian army time after time • Egypt welcomes Alexander – crown him Pharaoh forms city of Alexandria

6. Defeat of the Persians • Final defeat of the Persian comes at Gaugamela – Alexander has conquered the Persians • He has become the unchallenged ruler of southwest Asia • He keeps pushing his army across central Asia to the furthest edge of the continent • Alexander & his army reach India – defeat the Indian army and keeps on marching • They had been marching for 11 years and had marched more then 11,000 miles army wanted to stop marching & Alexander agrees – there he dies from fever 32 years old • Macedonian general fight among them selves for control of his empire – split into 3 different empires • Antigonus – Greece • Ptolemy – Egypt • Selecucus – Persian empire

7. Hellenistic Culture • Alexander’s ambitions were cultural as well as military and political • The territory that was conquered by Alexander adopted many Greek patterns & customs that linked cities together • However, each region had its own traditional ways of life, religion, & government • This new culture was called Hellenistic culture – Alexandria in Egypt was the center

8. Science & Technology • Preserved Greek & Egyptian learning in sciences Astronomy – started to try and calculate the size of the Sun & Earth Mathematics & Physics – Euclid & Pythagorean in geometry (A2 + B2 = C2) Archimedes accurately estimated the value of pi (3.14) Philosophy – Stoics proposed that people should live virtuous lives in harmony with the will of god or natural laws the God established to run the universe - Epicureanism gods had no interest in humans, main goal was to achieve harmony of body & mind Realism in Sculpture – Colossus of Rhodes, all sculptures showed perfect body & face