Introduction to Laboratory Health & Safety Management

1. Introduction to Laboratory Health & Safety Management

2. Chulee C. GroveHonolulu Community CollegeUniversity Of HawaiiTel: 808-845-9434chulee@hcc.hawaii.edu

3. Work-related incidents cause: • 5000 DEATHS EACH DAY • 270 million accidents each year • 160 million illnesses each year • $12.5 billion loss each year • 12,000 deaths of children each year • 340,000 deaths from HazSub each year Source: International Labor Organization, 2003

4. Accident Classification

5. Struck against a container causing a spill Struck by fallen objects

6. Contacted by a corrosive chemical Contact with a sharp object

7. Trapped in a trench

8. His ear is caught on a protruding nail on the ladder Caught between a reversing forklift & loading dock

9. Same-level fall Different-level fall

10. Exposure to airborne contaminants Overexertion

11. Struck by Struck against Contacted by Contact with Trapped in Caught on Caught between Difference level fall Same level fall Exposure Overexertion Accident Classification

12. Class Exercise • List as many consequences of this accident as possible. • For each consequence, estimate the amount, and identify who will pay for it.

13. Accident Costs: Tip of an Iceberg Direct Cost: Workers’ Compensation Wage replacement Medical costs Indirect Cost: Down time Investigation Retraining/Rehiring Employees’ morale Public image Injured worker’s family

14. Health & Safety Practices Academic Laboratories

15. Health and Safety Management Health & Safety Office Security Written HS Program • Responsibility & accountability • Hazard identification & control • Hazard reporting & correction • Injury and illness reporting • Incident investigation • Enforcement policy • Training • Recordkeeping

16. Essential Elements • Designated responsible persons • Written safety plans • Enforcement • Pollution prevention • Training • Chemical Management System • Waste Management System

17. Written Safety Plans • Chemical Hygiene Plan • Bloodborne Pathogens Exposure Control • Chemical Emergency Preparedness & Response • Emergency Action Plan • 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1 (Permissible Exposure Limits) • Chemical-specific Standards • Waste Management

18. Chem Hygiene Officer Responsibilities Inventory Storage Signs & Labels MSDS Exposure Monitoring Medical Exams Training & Communication Engineering Control PPE Emergency Procedures SOPs (Standard Operation Procedures) Chemical Hygiene Plan

19. Bloodborne Pathogens Exposure Control Plan • BioSafety officer • Written program • Access control • Exposure determination • Exposure control • Post-exposure procedures • Labeling & warning • BioWaste management • Training

20. Chemical Emergency Preparedness & Response • Roles & lines of authority • Hazard inventory • Response capability & equipment • ER recognition & prevention • Notification & response procedures • Site security & control • Evacuation routes & procedures • ER medical treatment • Training & communication • Outside help

21. Emergency Action Plan • Responsibility & lines of authority • Emergency Notification Procedures • Emergency Evacuation Procedures • Fire Prevention Plans • Training & communication • Recordkeeping

22. Waste Management • Waste stream identification & inventory • Generator level determination • Waste Manifest & tracking • Waste accumulation • Transportation • Disposal • Emergency preparedness

23. Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) “The maximum allowable concentration of an airborne contaminant to which a worker can be exposed over an 8-hr workday and 40-hr workweek.” http://www.osha.gov

24. PEL (ppm) Ammonia 50 Benzene 1 Carbon tetrachloride 10 Hexane 500 Methanol 200 Toluene 200

25. Chemical-Specific Standards • Benzene • Benzidine • Methylene Chloride • Formaldehyde • Acrylonitrile • Etc.

26. Chemical Management System

27. Chemical Management • Inventory Control • Chemical Storage • Other Issues

28. Inventory Control • Designate responsibilities • Provide training • Require prior approval • Require monthly inventory • Purchase limited amount • Choose least hazardous chemicals • Inspect regularly & conduct periodic audits • Establish chemical tracking system

29. Chemical Storage: General Rules • Proper ventilation • Shelving system • Eye level • Secured • No floor storage • Anti-roll lips

30. Chemical Storage: General Rules • Master controls • Emergency communication • Emergency equipment: • Fire extinguisher • Spill kit • Eye washer/shower

31. Storage Principles • Supervision & security • DO NOT store alphabetically • Separate/segregate by compatibility • Spill containment

32. Segregation • Review MSDS & safety information • Assign classes • Prevention of fire, explosion, toxic exposure • Manageable number of classes • Initial classes: toxic, flammable, reactive, corrosive, low hazards

33. Example: Storage Segregation Scheme Class Types 1 Flam/Combus, toxic, low toxic Compatible with water 2 Same as 1, but non-compatible with water 3 Oxidizer, non-flam/non-combus, toxic, low toxic Compatible with water 4 Same as 3, but non-compatible with water 5 Air sensitive 6 Require refrigeration 7 Compressed gas cylinder 4 groups: oxidizer, reducer, corrosive, toxic 2 subgroups: empty, full 8 Unstable (explosives, short shelf life, etc)

34. Storage in Laboratory • Small amounts • Sealed and secured • Limited access • Label and warning signs • Segregation

35. Storage in Laboratory • Flammable & combustible liquids • Minimize amounts • Safety cans • Flammable cabinet

36. Two exits Fire sprinkler & fire alarm PPE & emergency equipment Ventilation Diked floor Emergency shower/eye washer Explosion proof electrical lights, ventilation motors, etc. Stockroom

37. Spill Containment • Drip pan • Lips on shelves • Drum containment • Dikes on floor

38. YOUR SAFETY FIRST! • Attend to injured/ • contaminated victim • Turn on fume hoods • Open windows • De-energize electrical devices SMALL SPILLS • Select proper PPE • Neutralize acids and bases • Absorb liquids • Collect and contain residue • Decontaminate area & equipment • Document incident

39. Other Issues • Labels • Accessibility control • Housekeeping & floor storage • Compressed gas cylinders • Emergency showers/eye washers

40. Example: Label Toluene (Toluol) WARNING! Flammable Vapor Harmful 3 2 0 Keep away from heat and open flame. Keep container closed. Use only with adequate ventilation. Avoid prolonged breathing of vapor. Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin. Do not dispose of in building drains. Flash Point 4°C (40 °F)

41. NFPA 704 • Colors • Blue: Health hazards • Red: Flammability hazard • Yellow: Reactivity hazard • White: Special information • Numbers • 0 to 4 • The higher the number, the greater the hazard NFPA: National Fire Protection Association

43. Accessibility Control • Authorized personnel only • Entry secured • Contact information posted

44. Basic Safety for Gas Cylinders • Know the hazards • Use proper footwear • Use cylinder cart to transport • Do not drop, roll • Secure when storing and close valves when not in use • Mark empty cylinder

45. Emergency Shower/Eyewash • Available near corrosives • Access not blocked • Weekly checks • Personnel trained on usage

46. Lab Safety & Health Management • Written policies & procedures • Responsible persons • Chemical & waste management • Emergency planning • Education & training

47. Waste Management System

48. Pollution Prevention • Small-scale chemistry • Inventory control and tracking system • “Just-in-time” purchase • Substitution • Waste exchange • Establish waste reduction goal • Periodic self-audit

49. Hazardous Waste Disposal • Waste identification & inventory • Proper storage • Emergency preparedness • Transport & disposal • Recordkeeping

50. Hazardous Waste Classification(US EPA) • Characteristic Waste • Ignitable, Corrosive, Reactive, Toxic • Listed Waste • 40 CFR 261 • “Mixture” & “Derived From” Rules