Developmental Psychology

1. Developmental Psychology

2. Activity Milestones • Though theories of development may be very different, all share in common having milestones. • What are some of the important milestones in your life and the lives of others? ------ DISCUSS with classmates

3. Activity • Which milestones would you say are important steps in development and which aren't?

4. Developmental Psychology • Developmental Psychology examines how people are continually developing- physically, cognitively, and socially-from birth to death.

5. Introduction • Nature versus nurture • Continuity and stages • Cognitive development • Motor development • Stability and change Source: http://www.eruptingmind.com/what-is-developmental-psychology/

6. Zygote, Embryo, & Fetus • 1st two weeks • 2 weeks - 9 weeks • 9 weeks - birth

7. Zygote, Embryo, & Fetus Zygote - a fertilized egg with full set of genes Embryo • From about two weeks after conception to three months after conception (most of first trimester) • Organs begin to form; heartbeat Fetus • Three months after conception to birth (second and third trimesters) • Organs continue to form; response to sounds

8. TAIL bone No, this is NOT photoshopped. Some babies are born with tails. Typically they are removed by surgeons. Why do you think we call it a "tail bone" ?

9. Answer the questions Try not to use your notes • What is the order of prenatal growth? • When the zygote attaches to wall of the Uterus it is known as? • At what stage does the heart begin to form? • Three months after conception to birth is called what stage?

10. Teratogens • Any agent that causes a structural abnormality following fetal exposure during pregnancy • Cocaine, alcohol, STDs, radiation • Fetal alcohol syndrome • Occurs in children of women who consume large amounts of alcohol during pregnancy • Symptoms include facial deformities, heart defects, stunted growth, and cognitive impairments

11. Answer the question • How can teratogens affect prenatal development?

12. New Born

13. New Born Reflexes Reflexes: sucking, swallowing, grasping, walking, and rooting Rooting Reflex • Baby turns its head toward something that brushes its cheek and gropes around with mouth http://youtu.be/_JVINnp7NZ0

14. Answer • How can the rooting reflex help with a babies survival?

15. Pair, Share, and TWEET • What are the three big ways developmental psychology is studied? • What are the three prenatal stages and what occurs during them? • How can teratogens affect a babies development? • What is the rooting reflex? On a small piece of paper, in 140 characters or less TWEET an answer to one of the following questions. Example: Make sure ur #babymama sticks w/the virgin drinks. Keep those #teratogens at bay. No more cognitive impairments #fetalalcoholsyndrome

16. Temperament child's personal style of dealing and interacting with their surroundings Three basic types of babies • Easy • Good-natured, easy to care for, adaptable • Difficult • Moody and intense, react to new situations and people negatively and strongly • Slow-to-warm-up • Inactive and slow to respond to new things, and when they do react, it is mild Temperament: characteristic patterns of emotional reactions and emotional self-regulation

17. Temperament Survey PROJECT the Survey

18. Temperament Survey • For numbers 6, 18, 19 reverse the number. For example if you put 1 for number 6, than change it to 5 (5=1, 4=2, 3=3, 2=4, 1=5) • Activity – add scores 2, 7, 10, 17 • Sociability – add scores 1, 6, 15, 20 • Distress – add scores 4, 9, 11, 16 • Fear – add scores 3, 12, 14, 19 • Anger – add scores 5, 8, 13, 18 Emotionality

19. Temperament Survey • Emotionality refers to the intensity of emotional reactions. • Activity represents a person’s general level of energy output. • Sociability relates to a persons tendency to affiliate and interact with other

20. Temperament Temperaments can change with due to babies environment

21. Sensory Learning • In addition to reflexes present at birth, infants also have the ability to learn • Habituation - basic type of learning involving decreased response to a stimulus judged to be of no importance/novelty • Visual learning • Olfactory learning • Auditory learning • Taste

22. Habituation Activity

23. Physical DevelopmentBrain Development • Immature nervous system at birth...develops rapidly. • Maturation = physical, intellectual, or emotional process of development that enables orderly changes in behavioras a function of passage of time • Uninfluenced by experience. • Maturation sets the basis course of development , and experiences adjust it. Neural Networks

24. Physical DevelopmentMaturation and Infant Memory What is your earliest memory? How old were you? Infantile amnesia • Earliest conscious memories seldom predate our third birthday. • We do know that infants under the age of three do process information, they just don’t have the neural connections in our brains to remember it What part of your brain do you believe hasn’t fully developed/matured yet that could lead to this?

25. Physical DevelopmentMotor Development • Motor development • Mostly universal in motor development • Individual differences in timing • Maturation ---- Child must be ready

26. Physical DevelopmentMilestones • 2 months – able to lift head up on his own • 3 months – can roll over • 4 months – can sit propped up without falling over • 6 months – is able to sit up without support • 7 months – begins to stand while holding on to things for support • 9 months – can begin to walk, still using support • 10 months – is able to momentarily stand on her own without support • 11 months – can stand alone with more confidence • 12 months – begin walking alone without support • 14 months – can walk backward without support • 17 months – can walk up steps with little or no support • 18 months – able to manipulate objects with feet while walking, such as kicking a ball

27. QUICK WRITE • Write as quickly and accurately as you can an answer to the following question. I will give you 1 minutes to write down an answer. The person with the most words (that are accurate) is the WINNER! • Describe what maturation means in your own words and how it effects motor and memory development.