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The Appendicular Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton. Honors A&P. The Clavicle. The Pectoral Girdle. ID your view. Anterior Posterior. ID the Acromion. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9. ID the Infraspinous Fossa. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9. ID the acromial end of the clavicle. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9.

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The Appendicular Skeleton

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  1. The Appendicular Skeleton Honors A&P

  2. The Clavicle

  3. The Pectoral Girdle

  4. ID your view • Anterior • Posterior

  5. ID the Acromion • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9

  6. ID the InfraspinousFossa • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9

  7. ID the acromial end of the clavicle • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9

  8. Upper Limbs

  9. Bones of Hand and Wrist

  10. ID the psiform • 10 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9

  11. ID the trapezoid • 10 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9

  12. ID the deltoid tuberosity • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9

  13. ID the greater tubercle • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9

  14. ID the trochlea • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9

  15. ID the radial tuberosity • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9

  16. ID the ulnarstyloid process • 11 • 12 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9

  17. The Pelvic Girdle

  18. Anatomical Comparison of Male and Female Pelvis

  19. The Lower Limbs

  20. Bones of Foot and Ankle

  21. Is this a male or female pelvis? • Male • Female • Cannot be determined

  22. ID the acetabulum. • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9

  23. ID the iliac crest. • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9

  24. ID the ischial spine • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9

  25. Id the cuboid tarsal. • A • B • C • D • E • F • G

  26. Id the navicular tarsal. • A • B • C • D • E • F • G

  27. ID the lateral malleolus • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4

  28. Do Now: • How do a male and female pelvis compare? • List 3 joints and describe their movements.

  29. Articulations: site where 2+ bones meet (joint) providing mobility and stability

  30. Classification of Articulations • Structure (material binding bones) • Fibrous (binding connective tissue) • Cartilaginous (binding connective tissue) • Synovial(joint capsule) • Function (amount of movement) • Synarthrosis (Immovable) -axial • Amphiarthrosis (slightly movable)-axial • Diarthrosis(freely movable)-appendicular

  31. Synathrosis (no movement) • Sutures(seams) - fibrous • Bones of the skull • Gomphosis • Peridontal ligament bonds tooth w/in alveolar margin • Cartilaginous • Synchondrosis – hyaline cartilage unites bones • Ex. Connection between 1st rib and manubrium of sternum, epiphyseal plates

  32. Amphiarthroses (Slightly Movable) • Syndesmosis • Fibrous joint connected by ligament • Ex. Distal articulation between tibia and fibula, interosseous membrane connecting radius and ulna • Symphysis • Bones joined by disk of fibrocartilage • Ex. Vertebrae, between pubic bones

  33. Diarthrosis (Synovial Movement) • Bound by joint capsule and contains synovial fluid • Structure • Articular Cartilage – hyaline • Joint Cavity – space w/fluid • Articular Capsule – fibrous layer & synovial membrane • Synovial Fluid – slippery & viscous lubricant • Reinforcing ligaments – strengthen joints • Nerves and bv– rich supply • Bursae – “ball bearing” or bag of lubricant • Tendon sheath – elongated bursae • Menisci – between interlocking bones of the knee and jaw

  34. Stability of Joint • Stabilized to prevent dislocation • Articular Surface • Shape – ball and socket of hip is most stable • Ligaments • More ligaments increase strength but limit motion • Can only stretch 6% of length • Muscle Tone • Tendons are most important stabilizing factor • Kept taut by muscle tone

  35. Angular Movements • Angular Motion • Flexion – reduces angle between articulating elements • Extension - increases angle between articulating elements • Adduction – moving towards midline • Abduction – moving away from midline • Circumduction – loop motion

  36. Rotational Movements • Rotational

  37. Special Movements • Inversion- turns sole of foot inward (opp-eversion) • Dorsiflexion- ankle flexion (plantar flexion pointed toe) • Opposition – grasping (thumb/fingers toward hand) • Protraction - move anterior across horizontal plane (opp retraction) • Elevation – move superior (opp depression)

  38. Structural Classification of Synovial Joints • Gliding – flat surfaces slide past one another • Ends of clavicles • Between carpals & tarsals • Between vertebrae • Hinge – angular movement in a single direction • Occipital bone and atlas • Elbow, knee, ankle • Interphalangeal joints • Pivot – permit rotation only • Atlas and axis • Proximal radius and ulna • Ellipsodial – angular motion occurs in 2 planes • Radius w/proximal carpals • Phalanges w/metacarpals (and metatarsals) • Saddle- permits angular motion but prevents rotation • thumb • Ball and socket - round head rests within depression • Shoulder • hips

  39. The Shoulder

  40. The Elbow

  41. The Hip http://www.edheads.org/activities/hip/

  42. The Knee: Largest and most complex joint

  43. OrganSystem Integration

  44. Which of the following does NOT influence the stability of the joint? • Shape of articular surface • Presence of strong reinforcing ligaments • Tone of surrounding muscles • Presence of synovial fluid

  45. Freely movable joints are • Synarthrosis • Diarthrosis • Amphiarthrosis

  46. Abduction and Adduction always refer to movements of the • Axial skeleton • Appendicular skeleton • Skull • Vertebral column

  47. Standing on tip toe is an example of • Elevation • Plantar flexion • Dorsiflexion • Retraction

  48. Joints that connect the fingers to metacarpals are • Ellipsoidal joints • Pivot joints • Saddle joints • Hinge Joints

  49. Subacromial, subcoracoid, and subscapularbursae reduce friction in • Hip • Elbow • Knee • Shoulder

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