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The Early Ottoman Empire 1281 - 1600s

The Early Ottoman Empire 1281 - 1600s. Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY. Saladin 1138 -1193. Saladin 1138 -1193.

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The Early Ottoman Empire 1281 - 1600s

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  1. The Early Ottoman Empire 1281 - 1600s Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

  2. Saladin 1138 -1193

  3. Saladin 1138 -1193 Military leader …. “Kurdish” … northern Iraq- defeated the (western) European Crusaders - 1187 AD … recaptured the city of Jerusalem - would remain in Muslim hands until 1947 - tolerant … allowed Europeans to leave the Jerusalem … didn’t slaughter them … allowed Jews to resettle in part of Jerusalem… Jerusalem still open to religious pilgrims … Christian & Jewish - Cairo, Egypt … Damascus, Syria … cities protected … fortified walls

  4. One way in which the actions of Alexander the Great, Saladin, and Shaka Zulu are similar is that each implemented (1) military strategies to defeat opponents (2) constitutions to define political powers (3) policies to increase religious persecution (4) legal changes to protect human rights

  5. One way in which the actions of Alexander the Great, Saladin, and Shaka Zulu are similar is that each implemented (1) military strategies to defeat opponents (2) constitutions to define political powers (3) policies to increase religious persecution (4) legal changes to protect human rights

  6. Osman I (Othman): 1299-1326

  7. The Golden Age of the Ottomans

  8. Tamerlane (1336-1405)or “Timur, the Lame”

  9. Mehmet I: 1413-1421

  10. The Ottoman Bureaucracy SULTAN Divans Social / MilitaryDivans Heads of IndividualReligious Millets Muslims Jews Local Administrators& Military Christians Landowners / Tax Collectors

  11. Mehmet II: 1444-1445; 1451-1481(“The Conqueror”)

  12. The Ottoman Capital -- Constantinople

  13. “Golden Horn” – 15c map

  14. “Golden Horn” from space

  15. “Golden Horn”

  16. Sunset on the “Golden Horn”

  17. The Fall of Constantinople: 1453

  18. Europeans vs. Turks

  19. The End of the Byzantine Empire

  20. Hagia Sophia

  21. Hagia Sophia - interior

  22. Siege of Constantinople, 1453

  23. Selim I, ”the Grim”: 1512-1520

  24. Faith Mosque

  25. Suleiman the Magnificent:(1520-1566) Suleiman’s Signature

  26. Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566) • Accomplishments: • - House of Osman • 3 wives • 8 sons… “hereditary ABSOLUTEmonarchy”

  27. Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566) • Accomplishments: • Longest reigning Sultan (King … absolute monarch)- central control of Ottoman Empire … 46 years - started reign at Age 16 - just like in Europe during Feudalism • Nickname “the Law giver” • Spoke 5 languages

  28. Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566) • Accomplishments: • Nickname “the Law giver” • Sharia (Islamic law) strongly influenced Ottoman Govt. • + BUT ALSO … “Kanun’s” … law according to Suleiman “Kanun-i- Osmani” • - - covered Criminal cases, land tenure + taxation - specific fines … for specific offenses - corrupt officials had their land & property taken away • - - + issued 1 Law code - based on previous 9 Sultans (Kings) - eliminated contradictions + yet did NOT violate the Sharia • Religious toleration- protected the Jews

  29. Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566) • Accomplishments: • “Golden Age of Islam” during his reign • - art, literature & architecture - painters, book binders, furriers (fur traders), jewelers, goldsmiths - Suleiman … poet & proverbs … “Everyone aims at the same meaning, but many are the versions of the story” … “The people think of wealth & power as the greatest fete, yet in this world a spell of health if the best state” … What men call sovereignty is a worldly strife & constant war”

  30. Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566) • Accomplishments: • “Golden Age of Islam” during his reign • - city of Constantinople - center of Islamic civilization - bridges, mosques, palaces - over 300 monuments throughout Ottoman Empire • - Jerusalem - “restored” the “Dome of the Rock” - Mecca - renovated “the Kaaba” • - Damascus (Syria) … built the city

  31. Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566) • Accomplishments: • Education: - free - largely for boys - schools attached to mosques WAY AHEAD of western Europe • Universities • - graduates become “imams” (religious scholars) & teachers • Educational “centers” often surrounded by: • - courtyards … fountains … soup kitchens … even hospitals

  32. Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566) • Accomplishments: • Military leader • Conquered most of Balkan Peninsula • Including Greece, Yugoslavia, Hungary & Romania • - finally defeated at Vienna, Austria 1529 + a “formidable” nation / presence in Europe as well as Asia • Ruled most of the Middle East - Iraq, Arabian Peninsula, including Yemen + parts of western Iran • - controlled the Red Sea • + large portions of northern Africa - as far west as Morocco • Contact with Mughal rulers in southern Asia

  33. Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

  34. Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

  35. Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)

  36. Qur’an Page:Arabic Calligraphy

  37. Blue Mosque

  38. Blue Mosque - interior

  39. Prayer Rug,16c Ottoman Empire

  40. Calligraphy

  41. Conversations Between Muslims & Christians

  42. Scholars at the Galata Observatory(Suleiman’s Constantinople), 1557

  43. Collection of Taxes in Suleiman’s Court

  44. IlluminatedQur’an Page

  45. Illuminated Qur’an Page

  46. • Captured the city of Constantinople in 1453 • Benefited from rich trade along the Mediterranean Sea • Ruled by Suleiman the Lawgiver 2. Which empire best fits these descriptions? (1) Roman (3) Mongol (2) Ottoman (4) Songhai

  47. • Captured the city of Constantinople in 1453 • Benefited from rich trade along the Mediterranean Sea • Ruled by Suleiman the Lawgiver 2. Which empire best fits these descriptions? (1) Roman (3) Mongol (2) Ottoman (4) Songhai

  48. Akbar the Great, Suleiman the Magnificent, and Louis XIV are all rulers associated with (1) natural rights (3) religious toleration (2) filial piety (4) absolutism

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