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Exploring the Periodic Table: Patterns and Properties

Learn how scientists organized elements, discovered patterns, and predicted properties using the periodic table. Explore metals, nonmetals, and metalloids while understanding atomic structure.

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Exploring the Periodic Table: Patterns and Properties

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  1. The Periodic Table Ch. 7 Sec 1

  2. Standards • 8.3.f Students know how to use the periodic table to identify elements in simple compounds. • 8.7.a Students know how to identify regions corresponding to metals, nonmetals, and inert gases. • 8.7.b Students know each element has a specific number of protons in the nucleus (the atomic number) and each isotope of the element has a different but specific number of neutrons in the nucleus. • 8.7.c Students know substances can be classified by their properties, including their melting temperature, density, hardness, and thermal and electrical conductivity.

  3. Vocabulary • Periodic • Period • Group • Periodic law

  4. A. Arranging the Elements • Suppose that you are at a video store and all the videos are mixed together. How can you quickly find a comedy or an action movie? If the videos are not arranged in a pattern, you won’t know where to look!

  5. Scientists in the early 1860’s had a similar problem… • Scientists knew the properties of more than 60 elements • They didn’t have a way to organize them • They looked for patterns • They used the element’s properties

  6. B. Discovering a Pattern • Mendeleev discovered a pattern to the elements in 1869 • First, he wrote the names and properties of the elements on cards • Then, he played “chemical solitaire” with the cards • He arranged his cards by different properties, such as density, appearance, and melting point • He arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic mass. When he did, a pattern appeared

  7. Pg. 194 Fig. 1 By playing “chemical solitaire” on long train rides, Mendeleev organized the elements according to their properties.

  8. Periodic Properties of the Elements • Not just increasing atomic number, but other patterns, periodic patterns • Periodic means “happening at regular intervals.” • Can you name any? • Patterns repeated every seven elements…

  9. Predicting Properties of Missing Elements • Pg. 195 Fig. 2 • This first try shows gaps • He predicted that elements that weren’t found yet would fill the gaps • By 1886, all the gaps were filled as predicted • Pg. 195 Table 1

  10. C. Changing the Arrangement • A few elements discovered didn’t fit • Another scientist arranged them by protons, atomic number, and it fit • Next page…

  11. The first “Periodic Table” included all of today’s elements. • True • False

  12. ________ means “happening at regular intervals.” • Period • Periodic • Group • Periodic Law

  13. Elements on the periodic table are in arranged in order of • Increasing density • Decreasing density • Increasing atomic number • Decreasing atomic number

  14. What are most of the elements in the periodic table? • Metals • Metalloids • Precious metals • Nonmetals

  15. Activity: Vocab. • On the paper I give you: • For each vocabulary word: • Write the word • The definition • Draw a picture of the word • Write a meaningful, well thought out sentence using the word

  16. D. Table and Classes of Elements • Studying the table may seem tough and you can get lost… • Elements classified by properties; metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. • The zigzag line can help tell which elements are metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

  17. Each square on the table includes an element’s name, chemical symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass. • Groups (families) are vertical • Periods are horizontal

  18. Metals • Most elements are metals • Left of the zigzag line • Most metals are solid at room temperature, although Mercury isn’t

  19. The elements in each vertical column on the periodic table usually have similar properties and are called a(n) • Period • Group • Element • Property

  20. The elements to the right of the zigzag line on the periodic table are called • Metalloids • Conductors • Metals • Nonmetals

  21. A horizontal row on the periodic table are called a(n) • Group • Family • Period • Atomic number

  22. Which of the following is metalloid? • Fe • Se • Ge • Ga

  23. Which of the following are all nonmetals? • K, Ca, Sc • Se, Br, Kr • V, Cr, Mn • As, Se, Br

  24. Which of the following elements has 19 as its number of protons? • K • Kr • Fe • Cu

  25. On the periodic table, the letter “C” for carbon is the • Atomic number • Atomic mass • Chemical symbol • Element’s name

  26. The number at the top of the square on the periodic table is the • Atomic number • Element name • Atomic mass • Chemical symbol

  27. Activity: Using the Table • Using the Periodic Table answer these questions • How many groups are there? Which direction do the groups go? • How many periods are there? Which direction do the periods go? • Name the element types in each of the three colored sections. • Name the state of matter in each of the three color of the symbols. • Which elements were out of order according to Mendeleev’s table?

  28. Activity: Table to text • With a partner, write sentences of 10 elements using the symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass • Ex: The chemical symbol C stands for carbon, which has an atomic number of 6 and an atomic mass of 12.0. • Then read the sentences to each other

  29. Most metals are • Solid at room temperature • Bad conductors of electricity • Dull • Not malleable

  30. Nonmetals • Right of the zigzag line • More than half are gas at room temp • Many properties are opposite of metals • Metalloids • Border the zigzag line • Properties of metals and nonmetals • Pg. 199 Fig 4

  31. E. Decoding the Periodic Table • To learn how to read the code…you need to know the symbols and numbers… • Chemical Symbols • For most, it has one or two letters • First letter capitalized, others lower case • In formulas, you can use the table to figure it out • CO2 + H2O -> C6H12O6 + 02 • HF + NaF ⇌ NaHF2

  32. Periods • A period is a horizontal row of elements (from left to right) on the periodic table • Groups • A group is a vertical column of elements (from top to bottom) on the periodic table

  33. Atomic Number • All elements follow periodic law • The periodic law states that the repeating chemical and physical properties of elements change periodically with the elements’ atomic numbers. • Properties change and repeat as the atomic numbers change

  34. A _______ is a vertical column of elements (from top to bottom) on the periodic table • Period • Group • Atomic number • Chemical symbol

  35. In each square on the periodic table, the number at the top is the • Atomic number • Element name • Atomic mass • Chemical symbol

  36. Activity: Element Reports • You will work in pairs and use the computers to write a report about elements • Use PowerPoint or Word to make the report • Each group will choose two elements • Reports should include: • the name • Symbol • Atomic Number • atomic mass • classification • period number • other interesting facts and pictures you find

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