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Vital Signs

Blood pressure (BP) is vital for assessing cardiovascular health, measuring the force of blood against artery walls. BP is categorized into two measurements: systolic pressure (the force during heart contraction) and diastolic pressure (the force when the heart is at rest). Normal BP ranges are 120/80 mm Hg, while hypertension (high BP) is defined as 140/90 mm Hg or higher, with causes including obesity and high salt intake. Hypotension (low BP) is 100/60 mm Hg, often resulting from dehydration or heart failure. Proper measurement technique is crucial for accurate readings.

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Vital Signs

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  1. Vital Signs Blood Pressure

  2. Blood Pressure • Measurement of the pressure the blood exerts on the arterial wall • 2 types of BP measurement • Systolic = pressure in the arterial wall as the left ventricle contracts • Diastolic = pressure in the arterial wall when the left ventricle is at rest

  3. Measurements • Systolic range = 100 to 140 mm Hg • Diastolic range = 60 to 90 mm Hg • BP = Systolic / Diastolic • Average adult BP = 120/80

  4. Terms • Hypertension (High blood pressure) • 140/90 • Causes: • Obesity • High salt diet / High fat diet • Aging • Heart / Kidney disease • Hypotension (Low blood pressure) • 100/60 • Causes • Heart failure • Dehydration • Severe burns • Hemorrhage / Shock

  5. Instructions • The cuff must line up with the brachial artery • The cuff must be snug on the arm • Feel for the brachial pulse – put your stethoscope over that site • Do not pump up the cuff higher than 140 • Slowly let the air out – the first beat you hear is the systolic # • When you do not hear to beat any longer that is the diastolic #

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