1 / 11

The Middle East

The Middle East. Overview. Mesopotamia, Egypt River Valleys Akkad, Assyria, Babylon, etc. Persia Islamic Empire Umayyad Dynasty Abbasid Dynasty (stretching to India) Delhi Sultanate Seljuks , Mamluks Mongols Ottomans, Safavids , (stretching to India) Mughals. Persian Empire.

tacita
Download Presentation

The Middle East

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Middle East

  2. Overview • Mesopotamia, Egypt River Valleys • Akkad, Assyria, Babylon, etc. • Persia • Islamic Empire • Umayyad Dynasty • Abbasid Dynasty • (stretching to India) Delhi Sultanate • Seljuks, Mamluks • Mongols • Ottomans, Safavids, (stretching to India) Mughals

  3. Persian Empire • Talking about the O.G. Persians, c. 550 BCE – 330 BCE • Fought Greece a lot • Very tolerant of other faiths • Good imperial bureaucracy

  4. Foundation of Islam • Creates a new religion • Quickly spreads via missionary armies • Cultural and linguistic expansion • First trans-regional religion and empire • Ali and Sunni-Shi’a split: first succession problem

  5. Umayyad Dynasty • Early Muslim rulers focused on military expansion • Obsessed with booty • Only let Arab Muslims fully share in conquests • Expanded, gathered luxury, but did little to rule effectively

  6. Abbasid Dynasty • Overthrow Umayyads by pushing for inclusion • Allow converts and People of the Book to have near equal status • Imperial bureaucracy • Inefficient • Dominated by nobles (vizier) who were Persians, then Seljuk warlords • Weak when conquered by Mongols • Culturally very significant

  7. A Few Others • Seljuk Turks • Nomads, moved to Persia and Iraq, became military elite and dominated end of Abbasid Dynasty • Mongols • Conquered, ruled very briefly • Mamluks • Military slaves became elite, took over Egypt and fought back the Mongols

  8. Ottomans • Form in Turkey, conquer Byzantines and the disorganized Middle East • Very scary for Europe (land and sea) • Major political problems • Succession conflicts • Janissaries: warrior elites • Conservative religious elements • All prevent adaptation to Europeans, used to Europe as a backwater

  9. Safavids • Shi’a counterpart to Ottomans, based in Persia (Iran) • More Persian culture than Arabic • Also “absolute” monarchy with strong warrior elite • Killed by weak rulers, internal conflicts, and pressure from tribal neighbors and Europe

  10. Delhi Sultanate • Muslims in control of northern India • Wins some converts to Islam • Former Buddhists (which was attacked) or low-caste Hindus • Sufism • Lots of syncretism, mostly for Islam • Social separation between Muslims and Hindus, Hindus worked in government but not at the very top

  11. Mughals • Like two different empires • Akbar • Tolerant, improved Hindu-Muslim relations and women’s rights • Built administrative systems • Successors • Focused on art, luxury, pleasure • Ignored reforms and corruption • Made themselves powerful while hurting the people and the empire

More Related