230 likes | 418 Views
Functional Anatomy. Animal Surfaces and Body Systems. Any discussion of the structure and function of animals begins with an understanding of the terms dorsal, ventral, cranial or anterior, and caudal or posterior . Dorsal. Pertains to the upper surface of an animal. Ventral.
E N D
Animal Surfaces and Body Systems • Any discussion of the structure and function of animals begins with an understanding of the terms dorsal, ventral, cranial or anterior, and caudal or posterior.
Dorsal • Pertains to the upper surface of an animal.
Ventral • Relates to the lower or abdominal surface.
Anterior or Cranial • Applies to the front of head of an animal.
Posterior or Caudal • Pertains to the tail or rear of an animal.
Intro. • Physiology, or the life functions of mammals, occurs in body systems. Nine body systems are found in animals.
Skeletal Muscular Digestive Urinary Respiratory Circulatory Nervous Reproductive Endocrine Lymphatic The Ten Systems
Skeletal System • Axial Skeleton: skull, spine, ribs, and breastbone, pelvis, and tail • Appendicular Skeleton: forelegs and hindlegs
Muscular System • Smooth Muscles: Ex. Digestive system and uterus of females • Cardiac muscles: Found only in the heart. • Striated orSkeletal Muscles: attach to bones
Mouth Tongue Esophagus Stomach Intestines (Small and Large) Anus Liver Teeth Pancreas Salivary Glands Cecum Colon Rectum Digestive System
Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra Urinary System
Respiratory System • NOstrils • Nasal cavity • Pharynx • Larynx • Trachea • Bronchi • Lungs • Alveoli • Bronchioles
Circulatory System • Heart • Blood • Blood Vessels: arteries, capillaries, veins
Nervous System • Brain • Spinal Cord • Nerve Fibers • Sensory Receptors
Kidney Uterus Cervix Rectum Vulva Ovary Follicle Mammary glands Vagina Urethra Bladder Ureter Fallopian Tube Corpus luteum Infundibulum Oviducts Placenta Reproductive System-Female
Testicles Scrotum Urethra Retractor Cowper’s gland Prostate gland Seminal vesicle Accessory glands Sigmoid flexure Bladder Kidney Ureter Vas defrens Epididymis Glans penis Prepuce (sheath) Leydig’s cells Reproductive System-Male
Testis (male) Pancreas Thymus Trachea Thyroid Pituitary Adreanal Glands Adrenal Kidney Corpus Luteum Ovary (female) Follicle Vassopressin Protaglandin Endocrine System
Lymphatic System • Works with the circulatory system • Where are your lymph nodes?