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Introduction to Neuroanatomy II: Functional Anatomy

Introduction to Neuroanatomy II: Functional Anatomy. Functional Localization. Regional neuroanatomy : spatial relations between brain structures within a portion of the nervous system

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Introduction to Neuroanatomy II: Functional Anatomy

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  1. Introduction to Neuroanatomy II:Functional Anatomy

  2. Functional Localization • Regional neuroanatomy: spatial relations between brain structures within a portion of the nervous system • Functional neuroanatomy: those parts of the nervous system that work together to accomplish a particular task, for example, visual perception

  3. How does structure relate to function? • Heart structure predicts pumping function • Muscle structure--with particular bone attachments--predicts function • Brain??

  4. Superior parietal lobule-attention Inferior frontal lobule-speech Brain functions: Determined more by how information is routed to a particular brain region than the intrinsic characteristic features of the region.

  5. Overall Aims of Lecture • Functional localization of neural systems • Functional organization of the thalamo-cortical systems • Cortical circuitry Topics cut across all lectures •add to preparation for lab •basis for better understanding of lectures on neural systems

  6. Specifics… • Functional localization of touch pathway in brain stem • To understand hierarchical organization of a neural system • To begin to become familiar with internal brain structure • Organization of visual pathway • Segue into… • Functional organization of the thalamo-cortical systems • Cortical circuitry

  7. Dorsal column-medial lemniscal system for touch • Sensory receptor neurons • Dorsal column of spinal cord • Medial lemniscus in brain stem • Thalamus • Cortex Visual system

  8. 1° Somatic sensory cortex 1° Visual cortex Internal capsule Optic radiations from Optic tract from Medial lemniscus

  9. …system… …nucleus… …cortex… Functional localization in the Thalamo-cortical systems Thalamic nucleus Ventral posterior nucleus Touch pathway Postcentral gyrus Lateral geniculate nucleus Visual pathway Occipital cortex

  10. Anatomical slice through cortex: • neurons are packed into ~6 discrete layers •cortical circuit •distinct cytoarchitecture •Brodmann’s areas

  11. Summary • Neural pathways carry specific information • Ascending sensory; descending motor • Principle of functional localization • Different thalamic nuclei serve different sensory and motor functions • More differences in inputs than intrinsic organization • Different sensory and motor functionsserved by different cortical areas • Structural specialization in cortex augment functional differences produced by different inputs

  12. Brain Organization • Dual vulnerability: • Regional damage produces set of neurological(or psychiatric) impairments • Depends on location • Spinal cord injury; stroke • System damage • Must have common link for system to be a system (genetic, biochemical, early development) • Huntington’s disease; psychiatric diseases (schizophrenia); autism

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