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Prenatal Development: The affect of gender on development

Prenatal Development: The affect of gender on development. By Neil Brummond, Nate Bruender, Joe Simmer, Jaime Sekenski, Britney Bockwitz. Gender vs. Sex. Gender Psychological and sociocultural aspects of being male and female Sex Anatomy, genes, chromosomes, and hormones

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Prenatal Development: The affect of gender on development

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  1. Prenatal Development: The affect of gender on development By Neil Brummond, Nate Bruender, Joe Simmer, Jaime Sekenski, Britney Bockwitz

  2. Gender vs. Sex • Gender • Psychological and sociocultural aspects of being male and female • Sex • Anatomy, genes, chromosomes, and hormones • Main determinant of male and female at conception

  3. Sex Determination • Human have 46 chromosomes • 2 sets of 23 • 22 autosomal • 1 sex chromosome (X or Y) • Primary sex differentiation • Father’s sex chromosomes donated • Secondary sex differentiation • Hormones via SRY gene

  4. Affects of Sex Hormones on Brain Development • During development, hormones “organize” the brain so that later hormonal stimulation elicits masculine or feminine behavior pattern • Aggression • Play behavior • Maternal behavior • Spatial skills • Mathematical reasoning • Verbal skills

  5. Conception Beliefs • Males conceived more than females • Don’t always survive • Fetus biologically weaker • Higher late fetal mortality rate • Growth generally more retarded

  6. Sex Linked Diseases

  7. Sex Linked Diseases • Muscular Dystrophy • Red-Green Color Blindness • Fragile X Syndrome • Hemophilia • Kennedy’s Disease • Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome

  8. Birth Defects • More common among males than females • 3.9% vs. 2.8% • Male children most prone to 3 major birth defects • Pyloric stenosis • Obstructive genitourinary defect • Hirschsprungs disease

  9. Premature Birth • Females have shown to have a better survival rate than males born with an extremely low birth weight. • Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) is considered to be between 300-1000 grams. • Florida study investigated this link from 1996-2000. 976824 births and of these 5663 of these were born with ELBW. • A study was done with 5076 children over a 5 year period to determine a link between survival and gender.

  10. Premature Birth • 60-62% of the ELBW children survived during the 5 year period. • It was found that female infants survived 1.7 times more often than males with a confidence interval of 95%. • Very low birth weight males, but not females, were significantly less likely than normal birth weight males to be enrolled in postsecondary schooling with a drop from 53 to 30 percent

  11. Any Questions?

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