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Bio-Computers

Bio-Computers. (Potentials and advancements) Submitted to - Presented by- Mrs. Neeta Nain Vikas Kumar Khichar Mrs. Namita Mittal 2008ucp149.

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Bio-Computers

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  1. Bio-Computers (Potentials and advancements) Submitted to - Presented by- Mrs. Neeta Nain Vikas Kumar Khichar Mrs. Namita Mittal 2008ucp149 VI Semester(CP-2)

  2. WHAT IS A DNA • DNA-Deoxyribonucleic acid • DNA is a primary genetic material in living cells. • Its structure has two strands that run in opposite direction to each other. • Basic pair Adenine(A) pairs with Thymine(T) Guanine(G) pairs with Cytosine(C) (Source-Google Images and Wikipedia)

  3. What is a Bio-molecular computer • A Bio-molecular (DNA computer )is a molecular computer that works biochemically. It “computes” using enzymes that react with DNA strands, causing chain reactions. The chain reactions act as a kind of simultaneous computing or parallel processing. • DNA computing is utilizing the property of DNA for massively parallel computation. Source-Research paper by Leonard M. Adlemann

  4. INSTRUCTIONS IN DNA Sequence to indicate the start of an instruction • Instructions are coded in a sequence of the DNA bases • A segment of DNA is exposed, transcribed and translated to carry out instructions Source-Google Images and Wikipedia

  5. Need For Bio-Computers • Silicon processors has limited speed • Limits of Miniaturization of circuits • Moore’s Law • Scientist found DNA has capability to be used to build a computer • Vast availability of Raw Material

  6. Past Research • In 1994, Leonard Adleman (also called ‘Father of DNA Computing’), scientist at the University of California, introduced the idea of using DNA to solve complex mathematical problems. • He used DNA to solve the extremely complex Hamilton Path Problem(or “The Travelling Salesman Problem”) • In 2002, researchers from the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel, unveiled a programmable molecular computing machine composed of enzymes and DNA molecules instead of silicon microchips Source-BBC World Service/Science

  7. Hamilton Path Problem Chicago (CTAGTA) Los Angeles (GCTACG) New York (ATGCCG) Dallas (TCGTAC) Miami (CTACGG)

  8. Programming of Problem using DNA Los Angeles Chicago GCTACG CTAGTA TGC GAT Los Angeles-Chicago

  9. C Chicago N.Y. Miami Dallas L.A. Flight path to Los Angeles – Dallas covering all other cities at most once: One possible answer may be: TGCGAT CATTAC GGCGAT GCCAGC L.A-Chicago Chicago-N.Y N.Y-Miami Miami-Dallas GCTACG CTAGTA ATGCCG CTACGG TCGTAC TGCGAT CATTAC GGCGAT GCCAGC Source-Research paper by Leonard M. Adlemann

  10. DENSE INFORMATION STORAGE • This image shows 1 gram of DNA on a CD. The CD can hold 800 MB of data. • The 1 gram of DNA can hold about 1x1014 MB of data. • With bases spaced at 0.35 nm along DNA, data density is over a million Gbits/inch compared to 7 Gbits/inch in typical high performance HDD. Source-Google & http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/DNA_computer.html

  11. COMPONENTS OF DNA COMPUTER Logic gate (“And Gate”) : • Developed at University of Rochester • Made up of DNA instead of Silicon Biochip : • Logic gates can be combined with DNA micro chip to make Bio Chip Sources- Image-Google Images, Wikipedia(An Encyclopedia)

  12. Construction of first DNA Computer Source-Google Images

  13. Advantages of a DNA Computer • Parallel Computing • Incredibly light weight • Low power • Solves Complex Problems quickly • Millions of operations simultaneously • Generate potential solutions • Efficiently handle massive amounts of working memory Source- Magazine (Information Technology)

  14. DNA V/S SILICON Source-computer.howstuffworks.com/dna-computer1.htm

  15. Disadvantages • First developed DNA computer is so far from silicon-based computer in terms of overall speed(If we include all the processes) • It takes few days to narrow down possibilities. • It needs constant human assistance Source-Research paper by Leonard M. Adlemann

  16. Applications of Ist generation DNA Computers • Gene analysis • Useful to Government to break secret codes • To Airlines to map efficient routes • To understand about human Brain – the natural Super Computer Source-computer.howstuffworks.com/dna-computer1.htm

  17. Future • Future is very bright in the field of solving complex problems(Where conventional silicon computers fail due to lack of parallel computing power) • If research gets successful, it will eliminate the Silicon based Super Computers. • More powerful DNA computers are likely to be introduced very soon. • Bio-Computers will redefine boundaries of Computer Science.

  18. It will take years to develop a practical, workable DNA computer. But…Let’s all hope that this DREAM comes true!!!

  19. Thank you !

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