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DEVELOPMENT OF REPOSITORY TECHNOLOGIES IN GERMANY. Nuclear Industry in Germany. · Introduction of Nuclear Power Research in the fifties and sixties · Commercial Nuclear Power Use since the late sixties · 1968 (Obrigheim) · 1974 Biblis A · 17 Power Plants in Operation
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DEVELOPMENT OF REPOSITORY TECHNOLOGIES IN GERMANY
Nuclear Industry in Germany ·Introduction of Nuclear Power Research in the fifties and sixties ·Commercial Nuclear Power Use since the late sixties ·1968 (Obrigheim) ·1974 Biblis A ·17 Power Plants in Operation ·20,200 MW installed Power (second to France) ·30% of the Electricity Delivered to the Public Grid is Nuclear
Milestones in Waste Disposal ·60’s: All Waste to go to Deep Geological Repositories ·Asse Experimental Repository 1967 - 1978 Worldwide First Deep Geological Repository ·1979 Federal Council Decision on Waste Management: “Entsorgungsnachweis” a Requirement for NPP Operation
Waste Management Concept Interim Storage in NPP Pools (limited capacity) Spent Fuel Reprocessing Pu Recycling as MOx in LWR AFR HLW/SFInterim Storage Deep Geological Disposal
Concept Implementation ·Gorleben Site Characterization Starts in 1979 ·Exploration Mine Starts in 1985 ·Konrad Licensing Starts in 1982 ·Centralized Interim Storage ·Development of Direct Disposal
Repository Technologies ·Morsleben: Operational Waste (discontinued October 1998) ·Konrad: Non-heat Generating Waste ·Gorleben: Spent Fuel and HLW ·Encapsulation Plant ·AFR Interim Storage: Gorleben / Ahaus