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Metastatic CRC: recent therapeutic developments

Metastatic CRC: recent therapeutic developments. Dott. Carlo Garufi Oncologia Medica A Istituto Regina Elena, Roma. CRC Background. Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common cancer in men and the third most common in women worldwide

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Metastatic CRC: recent therapeutic developments

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  1. Metastatic CRC: recent therapeutic developments Dott. Carlo Garufi Oncologia Medica A Istituto Regina Elena, Roma

  2. CRC Background • Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common cancer in men and the third most common in women worldwide • About 50% of patients will eventually die of their disease • At diagnosis: • the stage of the disease is the most important prognostic factor: five year survival for stage I: > 85%, stage IV: only 5-30% • approximately 25% of patients will present with metastatic disease • Around 50% of patients treated with current first-line chemotherapy regimens will develop progressive disease within 7 - 9 months

  3. Diferent Stage IV Disease in Different Patients • Disseminated Disease • Local Recurrences • Peritoneal Carcinosis • Non-measurable Disease • Lung Metastases • Liver Metastases • Resected • Resectable • Non-resectable

  4. Strategia di Trattamentonelle Neoplasie del Colon-Retto Malattia Curabile Massimo effetto antitumorale Tossicità maggiore Possibilità di resezione radicale Malattia Incurabile Trattamento a lungo termine Tossicità accettabile Più linee di Terapia

  5. Malattia Incurabile C’è un chiaro vantaggio in sopravvivenza nell’uso della chemioterapia di combinazione rispetto alla monochemioterapia? (± irinotecan; ± oxaliplatino) all’uso sequenziale dei farmaci? (FOCUS 2007, CAIRO 2007) Saltz L, et al: NEJM 343: 905-14,2000, Douillard JY et al: Lancet 355: 1041-47, 2000, Giacchetti S et al: JCO 18:136-47, 2000, De Gramont A et al: JCO 18:2938-47, 2000 Seymour MT Lancet 370: 143-52, 2007; Koopman M et al. Lancet 370:135-42, 2007

  6. Trials di polichemioterapia vs monochemioterapia: Sopravvivenza Saltz L. et al NEJM, 2000 Giacchetti S. et al, JCO 2000 Douillard JY. et al The Lancet 2000 De Gramont A. et al JCO 2000

  7. FOCUS TRIAL

  8. CAIRO TRIAL Koopman M et al. Lancet vol 370:135-142, 2007

  9. Monochemioterapia o Terapia di combinazione? I risultati degli studi FOCUS e CAIRO possono giustificare l’uso iniziale di una monochemioterapia con Fluoropirimidine nei pazienti nei quali non vi sia indicazione ad un atteggiamento aggressivo

  10. Cosa Aggiunge Bevacizumab? In pazienti “unfit” Beva +5-FU/LV aumenta significativamente RR e PFS ed aumenta la OS da 12.9 a 16.6 mesi (Kabbinavar JCO 23:3697, 2005) In pazienti “fit” Beva +5-FU/LV è equivalente ad un regime come IFL in termini di RR, PFS ed OS (Hurwitz JCO 23:3502, 2005)

  11. Kabbinavar F et al: JCO 23:3706-3712, 2005

  12. Saltz L. et al: IFL NEJM 2004 Sobrero A et al: FOLFIRI Oncology 2009

  13. Regimi tipo FOLFIRI + BEVA o 5-FU/FA + BEVA aumentano il PFS e la OS in prima linea Efficacia indipendente da biomarkers Profilo di sicurezza ben definito Migliore utilizzo clinico quando usato fino a progressione BEVA può essere usato con sicurezza nei pazienti candidati a resezione di metastasi epatiche BEVA non ha attività come agente singolo Regimi tipo FOLFOX/XELOX + BEVA aumentano il PFS ma non OS in I linea (aumentano PFS e OS in II linea) I dati sull’uso della terapia di mantenimento con BEVA e dopo progressione devono essere confermati Bevacizumab PRO CONTRO

  14. Clinical Anti-EGF Receptor Therapies Anticorpi Monoclonali (Trastuzumab, Cetuximab, Panitumumab) Ligand R R Inibitori di Tirosin Kinasi “Piccole Molecole” (Imatinib, Sutinib, Sorafenib, Erlotinib) K K Signal Transduction

  15. EGF down-stream signaling courtesy by Vincenzi B.

  16. EGFR GENE COPY NUMBER, FISH/CISH: MAIN STUDIES

  17. Campanella C et al. 2010

  18. Campanella C et al. 2010

  19. Tossicità cutanea ed Abs Anti-EGFR

  20. Phase III CRYSTAL study: Design Stratification factors: Region ECOG performance status Populations: Randomized patients (n=1217) Safety population (n=1202) ITT population (n=1198) ERBITUX + FOLFIRI ERBITUX IV 400 mg/m2 on day 1, then 250 mg/m2 weekly+ irinotecan 180 mg/m2 + 5-FU/LV every 2 weeks EGFR-expressing mCRC R FOLFIRI Irinotecan 180 mg/m2 + 5-FU/LV every 2 weeks Van Cutsem E, et al. New Engl J Med 2009;360:1408–1417

  21. Overall survival in KRAS wt patients Van Cutsem E, et al. ECCO/ESMO Congress 2009; Abstract No: 6077 Van Cutsem E, et al. ECCO/ESMO Congress 2009; Abstract No: 6077

  22. WT KRAS: Overall Survival (Interim Analysis) Douillard - PRIME

  23. COIN: Study design Patients with mCRC; no prior CT for advanced disease; fit for combination CT; no prior testing for EGFR status 2445 randomized Arm A: Continuous CT (control) Continued until progression, cumulative toxicity, or patient choice Arm B: Continuous CT + ERBITUX (ERBITUX 400 mg/m2 day 1, then 250 mg/m2 weekly) Continued until progression, cumulative toxicity, or patient choice Arm C: Intermittent CT Treat for 12 weeks then stop CT and monitor. Restart same CT on progression for a further 12 weeks Second-line chemotherapy: After completion of trial therapy, patients will be eligible for treatment with irinotecan or entry into another clinical trial Maughan T. J Clin Oncol 2007;25(Suppl. 18):Abstract No. 4070

  24. COIN: first efficacy analysis *Abs. 7LBA

  25. Diferent Stage IV Disease in Different Patients • Disseminated Disease • Local Recurrences • Peritoneal Carcinosis • Non-measurable Disease • Lung Metastases • Liver Metastases • Resected • Resectable • Non-resectable

  26. POCHER STUDY Patients with unresectableliver metastases +/- extrahepatic disease RESECTION Adjuvant therapy for 4-6 courses (same schedule as pre-operatively) Technically resectable ERBITUX + CPT-FFL ~ (n=43) for 4-6 courses Technically unresectable 4 further treatment cycles Primary endpoint: Response rate 8 cycles (~4 months) Garufi C et al ECCO-ESMO, Berlin 2009

  27. POCHER STUDY Cetuximab 400-250 mg/m2 day1 CPT-11: 130 mg/m2day 1 peak 13:00 • PreOperative • Chemotherapy • Hepatic • Resection Istituto Regina Elena Roma Ospedale S Maria degli Angeli Pordenone Garufi C. et al ECCO/ESMO 2009

  28. C B A D E F Pre-treatment (Fig. A-B-C) and after 6 courses (Fig. D-E-F) spiral TC-scan of SP patient. She was submitted to a two-step hepatectomy and she is free of disease after 36 months of follow-up.

  29. Figure 3. Kaplan-Meier curves of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival. • overall survival in the entire population (n = 43);B)PFS in the entire population (n = 43); (C) PFS in patients with resected liver metastases (n = 26)

  30. ERBITUX and Liver Metastases CT CT + ERBITUX 80 80 80 70 70 70 60 60 60 50 50 50 40 40 40 30 30 30 20 20 20 10 10 10 0 0 0 Doublets Triplet Unselected population Selected population (liver metastases) LLD * ** * 80 79 79 * 70 P<0.0001 p=0.0027 77 60 57.3 57.3 50 Response (%) 40 39.7 34 30 20 10 0 CRYSTAL OPUS CELIM POCHER Van Cutsem E, et al. ECCOESMO 2009 Abs 6077 Van Cutsem E, et al. N Engl J Med 2009;360:1408–1417 Van Cutsem E, et al. Ann Oncol 2008;19(Suppl.8):viii4 [Update to 710] Bokemeyer C, et al. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:663–671 Bechstein WO, et al. J Clin Oncol 2009;27(Suppl. 15): Abstract No. 4091 Garufi C, et alECCO/ESMO, Berlin, 2009 *KRAS wt, **ITT LLD=liver-limited disease

  31. ERBITUX improves resections 60

  32. Chemioterapia + Abs Anti-EGFR • Abs (Cetuximab e Panitumumab) possono essere usati solo nei pazienti k-ras wild-type • B-RAF, P-TEN, PI3-PK sono target in corso di valutazione • Abs hanno attività come agenti singoli nei pazienti pretrattati indipendentemente dalla linea di trattamento • Regimi tipo FOLFIRI+ Cetuximab aumentano il PFS e la OS in prima linea (CRYSTAL) • Regimi tipo FOLFOX + Panitumumab aumentano il PFS in prima linea ma non OS (PRIME) • I pazienti con metastasi epatiche sembrano essere quelli che traggono il maggior beneficio dagli ABs • Regimi con Tripletta (5-FU/FA/CPT-11/OXA) + Cetuximab sembrano essere particolarmente promettenti come regime neoadiuvante nei pazienti candidati a resezione di metastasi epatiche

  33. Algoritmo Ideale di Trattamento CRC Avanzato nel 2009

  34. Grazie per l’Attenzione

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