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Features of the Ocean Floor (Bathymetry)

Features of the Ocean Floor (Bathymetry). http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/image/2minrelief.html. HMS Challenger. http://www.wshs.fcps.k12.va.us/academic/science/bjewell/ocean/hhocean/final/chall.htm. 1 st major scientific study of the oceans Determined depth by dropping a weighted line.

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Features of the Ocean Floor (Bathymetry)

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  1. Features of the Ocean Floor(Bathymetry) http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/image/2minrelief.html

  2. HMS Challenger • http://www.wshs.fcps.k12.va.us/academic/science/bjewell/ocean/hhocean/final/chall.htm • 1st major scientific study of the oceans • Determined depth by dropping a weighted line

  3. SONAR • Sound Navigation and Ranging • Provides a quick way of looking through water to identify features in and under the water (fish, sandbars, etc.)

  4. P(ic)assow

  5. Modern Technology • Multi-beam systems • 120 beams of echo sounders • “mowing the lawn” • Satellite altimetry • Not measured directly • Measures changes in elevation of water using satellites

  6. http://marine.usgs.gov/fact-sheets/fs172-97/mapping.html

  7. Continental Shelf Submerged edge of continent Gentle slope away from shore Resources! (Gas, oil, gravel, fishing!) Continental Slope Steep! Transition from shelf to deep ocean floor Continental Rise Medium steep... Sediment thatcollects at bottom of slope Continental Margin

  8. http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/islands01/log/sep28/media/sab_habitats.htmlhttp://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/islands01/log/sep28/media/sab_habitats.html

  9. Submarine Canyons • Cut into continental shelf & slope! • Caused by earthquakes

  10. http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/deepeast01/background/dumping/media/dumping1.htmlhttp://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/deepeast01/background/dumping/media/dumping1.html

  11. Deep-Ocean Trenches Subduction zones Super deep! (<10,000m) Abyssal Plains Flattest Places on Earth! Covered in sediment Seamounts Submerged volcanoes Guyots Inactive Seamounts Flat top from wave erosion Ocean Basin Floor

  12. http://www.mbari.org/news/news_releases/2004/agu2004.html

  13. Ocean Ridges • Divergent plate boundary • Mountainous chain of young volcanic rock • Site of hydrothermal vents

  14. Atolls • Ring-shaped islands of coral reefs • Form on submerged inactive volcanoes

  15. Research Vessels

  16. Meteor http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ships/ship3023.htm

  17. Atlantis www.whoi.edu

  18. Trieste http://www.onr.navy.mil/focus/ocean/vessels/submersibles4.htm

  19. “ALVIN” http://www.comptons.com/encyclopedia/CAPTIONS/18005895_P.html

  20. JOIDES Resolution http://www-odp.tamu.edu/resolutn.html

  21. Glomar Challenger http://pubs.usgs.gov/publications/text/glomar.html

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