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Delve into the diverse subfields of anthropology, such as cultural and biological anthropology, archaeology, and anthropological linguistics. Understand the value of anthropology in studying human evolution, cultural differences, and societal dynamics. Discover the objectives of cultural anthropology, including examining cultural change, societal dimensions, and comparative studies. Explore how applied anthropology addresses real-world issues like health, education, and development. Gain insights into the holistic, comparative, and relativistic perspectives of anthropology to appreciate cultural diversity and human evolution. Realize the significance of anthropology in fostering understanding, tolerance, and cross-cultural comparisons across different societies and historical periods.
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Essentials of Cultural Anthropology, Sixth Edition Garrick Bailey James Peoples
Chapter 1, The Study Of Humanity • Subfields of Anthropology • Cultural Anthropology Today • Understanding Human Cultures: Anthropological Approaches • The Value of Anthropology
Subfields of Anthropology • Biological (Physical) Anthropology • Archaeology • Cultural Anthropology • Anthropological Linguistics • Applied Anthropology
Biological Anthropology • PrimatologyEvolution, anatomy, social behavior and adaptation of primates. • PaleoanthropologyHow and why humans species evolved.
Biological Anthropology • Human VariationHow and why populations vary physically. • Forensic AnthropologyAnalyze and identify human remains.
Archeology • Investigating human past by excavating and analyzing material remains. • Prehistoric archaeology investigates cultures that lived before the development of writing. • Historic archaeology investigates written accounts along with historic sites.
Cultural Anthropology • The study of contemporary and historically recent human societies and cultures. • Focus on the customs and beliefs of a human group.
Objectives of Cultural Anthropology • Study how groups of humans lived. • Compare cultures to determine universal principles.
Objectives of Cultural Anthropology • Understand how dimensions of human life relate (religion, art, communication, family). • Understand cultural change. • Make the public aware of cultural differences.
Anthropological Linguistics • How is language used in social contexts? • What styles of speech do people use? • What do the labels people attach to the environment tell us about the the way they perceive the environment?
Applied Anthropology Applies research skills to human problems. • Medical anthropology - health, nutrition, social environment and cultural beliefs. • Development anthropology - helps agencies adapt projects to community needs. • Educational anthropology - deals with issues of learning and teaching.
Cultural Anthropology Today • Research is often done in urban, industrial areas. • Extended fieldwork continues to distinguish cultural anthropology from other disciplines. • Research extends across many disciplines (law, music, religion, etc.).
Anthropological Perspectives • Holistic -No dimension of culture can be understood in isolation. • Comparative - Generalizations about humans must consider the range of cultural diversity. • Relativistic -Cultures cannot be evaluated based on the standards of another culture.
Value of Anthropology • Allows us to see the development of human biology and culture over time. • Provides knowledge about human evolution, prehistoric populations, and tribal societies.
Value of Anthropology • Encourages understanding and tolerance among citizens of different nations. • Allows us to compare our lives with those of people living in different times and places.
