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Namaskar

Namaskar. Ministry of Cooperatives & Poverty Alleviation. Poverty Alleviation In Nepal: More Thrust, More Actions. Bishwa Mohan Acharya, PhD Expert (Cooperatives & Poverty) Ministry of Cooperatives & Poverty Alleviation Singh Durbar, Kathmandu, NEPAL

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Namaskar

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  1. Namaskar Ministry of Cooperatives & Poverty Alleviation

  2. Poverty Alleviation In Nepal: More Thrust, More Actions Bishwa Mohan Acharya, PhD Expert (Cooperatives & Poverty) Ministry of Cooperatives & Poverty Alleviation Singh Durbar, Kathmandu, NEPAL (A Warm Up Presentation at the Meeting of Donor Agencies) 10th December, 2012 Ministry of Cooperatives & Poverty Alleviation

  3. Outline of the Presentation • Country profile • Poverty • Core Beliefs • Poverty in Nepal • Poverty Measures • Agencies Concerned with Poverty Alleviation • Thematic Areas Needed for Donor Support

  4. Country Profile • Situated between India and China • Area:147,181 square kilometers (56,827 sq mi) • Population: 26.5 million (and 2 million absentee workers living abroad)  • Nepal is the world's 93rd largest country by land massand the 41st most populous country. • Kathmandu is the nation's capital and largest metropolis.

  5. Contd… • Divided into three ecological zones - Mountain, Hills and Terai (plain land) • Administratively Nepal is divided into 5 regions, 14 zones and 75 districts.

  6. Nepal Administrative Zones and Districts N INDIA HUMLA CHINA DARCHULA BAJHANG MAHAKALI MUGU BAITADI BAJURA KARNALI SETI DADELDHURA JUMLA KALIKOT DOTI ACHHAM DOLPA KANCHANPUR MUSTANG DAILEKH JAJARKOT Kathmandu KAILALI BHERI DHAWALAGIRI RUKUM MANANG SURKHET RAPTI MYAGDI GANDAKI BAGLUNG BARDIYA SALYAN GORKHA KASKI ROLPA PARBAT LAMJUNG BANKE PYUTHAN RASUWA GULMI BAGMATI DANG SYANGJA TANAHU ARGHAKHANCHI NUWAKOT PALPA LUMBINI SINDHUPALCHOK DHADING KAPILBASTU NAWALPARASI DOLAKHA RUPANDEHI SANKHUWASABHA CHITWAN KAVRE SOLUKHUMBU MAKWANPUR NARAYANI TAPLEJUNG RAMECHHAP SAGARMATHA JANAKPUR INDIA OKHALDHUNGA MECHI PARSA SINDHULI KHOTANG BHOJPUR KOSHI TEHRATHUM BARA RAUTAHAT PANCHTHAR SARLAHI DHANKUTA ILAM MAHOTTARI SIRAHA UDAYAPUR DHANUSA SUNSARI JHAPA SAPTARI MORANG INDIA

  7. Poverty

  8. Poverty • Poverty is hunger. Poverty is lack of shelter. Poverty is being sick and not being able to see a doctor. Poverty is not being able to go to a school, not knowing how to read, not being able to speak properly

  9. Poverty • Poverty is not having a job, is fear for the future, living one day at a time. Poverty is losing a child to illness brought about by unclean water. Poverty is powerlessness, lack of representation and freedom

  10. Core Beliefs • Poor have a strong desire and innate ability to come out of poverty • Poor have a strong sense of self-help and volunteerism • Obstacles - psychological, social, economic, political - suppress their innate capability • Poor can come out off poverty only through their own institutions • Social mobilization - not automatic, needs to be induced • Hence, it is need for sensitive support institutions for poor

  11. Poverty in Nepal • Profile of the poor: • Poverty Assessment and Poverty Mapping • Drivers of poverty reduction • Remittances & urbanization • Targeted programs • Community-based activities

  12. Poverty Measures (1995/96, 2003/04 and 2009/10 (percentage)

  13. Poverty Trend in Nepal

  14. Status of Poverty GapThird Living Standard Survey (2009/2010)

  15. Status of Poverty Gap (Contd…)Third Living Standard Survey (2009/2010)

  16. Status of Poverty Gap (Contd…)Third Living Standard Survey (2009/2010)

  17. Status of Poverty Gap (Contd…)Third Living Standard Survey (2009/2010)

  18. Gini Coefficient

  19. Pro-poor programs • PRSP pillars: Broad-based growth, Service delivery, Targeted programs, Good governance • GoN has about 32 Targeted programs Programs: social inclusion, poverty reduction, participation, service delivery, gender balance and equity Targets: women, Dalits, disadvantaged Janajati groups and those living below the poverty line.

  20. Agencies Concerned with Poverty Alleviation Ministry of Cooperatives & Poverty Alleviation • Established on 18th May 2012 Scope of Work • Formulation, implementation, monitoring & evaluation of policy, plan and programs relating to cooperatives & poverty alleviation • Development, strengthen and regulation of cooperative societies/unions • Promotion and protection of cooperatives • Promotion and development of cooperatives at international level

  21. Contd… • Inter Ministerial coordination on cooperatives & poverty alleviation • Identification of poor living under marginal groups and community • Coordination, monitoring and evaluation of promotional activities of I(NGOs) involved in cooperatives & poverty alleviation • Research, study and survey on cooperatives and poverty alleviation • Capacity enhancement of cooperatives • Feasibility study, implementation, monitoring & evaluation of cooperatives & poverty alleviation projects • Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) relating to poverty alleviation

  22. Contd… Poverty Alleviation Fund • Established in 2003 under the Poverty Alleviation Fund Ordinance 2003. Working under the Poverty Alleviation Fund Act 2006 • Has five guiding principles: Antodaya, social inclusiveness, transparency, demand based and direct fund flow to the community Program Coverage: 40 districts and are being executed in cooperation of 417 Partner Organizations (POs)

  23. Contd… Youth and Small Entrepreneur Self-Employment Fund • Established in the fiscal year 2008/09 Objectives • Provideemployment opportunities to the unemployed youths through the provision of collateral free periodic loan at concessional interest rate from banks and financial institutions Targeted groups of the Fund • Economically deprived group, women, Dalits, Janjatis, conflict affected people, unemployed youths, people having traditional skills

  24. Karnali Employment Program • Karnali: One Family-One Employment is in operation since FY 2006/07 Objectives • To make employment opportunities available to the majority of the families of Karnali zone who are unable to support their livelihood with incomes they earn from their traditional professions, businesses or employments

  25. Western Upland Poverty Alleviation Project (WUPAP) • Operation under the joint investments of the Government of Nepal, IFAD, concerned District Development Committees (DDCs), Village Development Committees (VDCs), private sector and local users Objectives of the Project • Enhancing living standards of ultra poor residing in upland districts of Mid Western and Far Western Development Regions Coverage (8 districts) • Bajhang, Bajura, Humla, Kalikot, Jajarkot, Rukum, Rolpa, Dailekh

  26. Connecting Local Initiatives with Local Skills Program • Implemented in 1997 under the assistance of Swiss Government (Helvetas) • Program has covered Achham, Dailekh, Jajarkot and Kalikot districts • 13,500 families have been benefitted through the operation of various income generating activities, market management of goods and commodities, small physical infrastructure, institutionalization of local partner organizations

  27. Nepal Food Security Program • Operation since FY 2008/09 Objective • To provide immediate relief to the poor public marred by sky rocketing food prices

  28. Thematic Areas Needed Support from Donor Agencies Research & Study • Identification of poor • Factor of poverty incidence • Skills & knowledge of the poor • Perception evaluation of the poor • Impact evaluation of targeted programs in poverty alleviation (governance, transparency, resource flow, employment generation etc.)

  29. Contd… • Access to affordable products and services • Access to economic opportunity (employment, business linkages, other income generating opportunities, access to credit, new technologies and training)

  30. Planning & Project Design • Perspective Plan • Strategic Plan • Production, processing, marketing and service delivery plan • Microenterprise development plan • Project development plan

  31. Capacity Enhancement • Ministry of Cooperatives & Poverty Alleviation • National and local Institutions involved in poverty alleviation • Pro-poor organizations • Local communities

  32. Program Development • Resource management • Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise (MSMEs) support • Social entrepreneurship

  33. Resource Management • Community training • Livelihood development • Involvement of community as part of the supply chain • Involvement of youth and women in local resources management

  34. MSMEs Development • Capacity building to promote productivity and competitiveness • Incorporate MSMEs as a part of product supply chain

  35. Social Entrepreneurship • Generating business opportunity for the poor communities • Allocating part of profit for social welfare and development • Creation of social development fund

  36. Financial, Technical & Management Support • Agriculture & livestock development • Income generating activities • Microenterprise development • Capacity enhancement of the local institutions • Community Development

  37. Business & Enterprise Development • Establishment of modern warehouses, processing plants, market sheds etc. • On-farm and off-farm activities through enterprise development.

  38. Social & Safety Nets • Health, hygiene and sanitation • Shelter - Housing of the poor • Education - Scholarship for the poor families, food for study • Insurance - Project insurance, health insurance, product insurance, market insurance, natural disaster insurance

  39. Social & Safety Nets (Contd…) Food Security • Food grant • Subsidy • Food for work

  40. Training, Education & Visits • Specific training on Business Development Planning, Strategic Planning, Microenterprise Development and Cooperative Management for employees and group/ cooperative members at all levels • National and international exchange visits, experience sharing on poverty and cooperatives

  41. Linkages & Strategic Alliance • Linkages with various national and international organizations. • Development of domestic markets and strengthening rural communities. • Linkages with private sector with buy back guarantee of produces and their marketing • Apprentice training for skills development at private sector • Linkages with and investment from the commercial banks as lead bank as financer for specific project and programs of the poor

  42. Strengthening the Community • Strengthening the capacity of communities to cope in times of crisis. • Increasing disaster preparedness. • Rehabilitation and reintegration of community. • Rebuilding communities.

  43. Forward Actions • Self-help groups • Community organizations • Cooperatives of the Poor • The best alternative way to bring back the poor from poverty traps may be "Cooperative Model"

  44. Last but not the Least Development must be community driven with funds channeled directly to community groups, and with capacity building of self-help groups being the key to success

  45. What We Do Feel ? • Sympathy or • Empathy To the Poor?

  46. Thanks for your patience and kind attentionThis is not the end but the beginning of the presentation

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