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Conceptual Models (CMs): Cold fronts (CF), Ana- and Katatype

This document explores the analysis of cold fronts (CF) through conceptual models (CMs) using MSG satellite images. It compares MSG channels with traditional MTP channels, highlighting improvements in cloud feature recognition and front cloud intensification, particularly on the cyclonic side of jet streaks. Detailed insights include a quantitative evaluation of image differences, typical characteristics of anacold and katacold fronts, and enhanced resolution in IR and VIS channels. This resource serves meteorologists seeking to elevate their understanding and application of satellite imagery in weather forecasting.

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Conceptual Models (CMs): Cold fronts (CF), Ana- and Katatype

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  1. Conceptual Models (CMs):Cold fronts (CF), Ana- and Katatype How to use MSG satellite images similarities to and improvements over MTP Contact person: Veronika Zwatz-Meise zwatz-meise@zamg.ac.at Version 1.0. 13 July 2004

  2. CMs:Cold Fronts (Ana-and Katatype) • MTP channels in comparison with the corresponding MSG channels • CM Cold Fronts: IR image + relevant NWP parameters • MSG additional channels + Channel combinations • (WV and WV difference images)

  3. CM: Cold Fronts • Typical Anacoldfront

  4. MTP: ir CF As the image time between MTP and MSG differs, a shift between the cloud systems can be noticed in the two images

  5. MSG: Ch09 CF White: cold cloud tops Grey: warm cloud tops Sharper contours through improved space resolution

  6. MSG: Ch10 CF Visual inspection shows only very slight changes between Ch09 and Ch10; quantitative evaluation necessary

  7. MTP: vis CF

  8. Looks relatively similar; but: somewhat coarser space resolution MSG: Ch01 CF Grey: transparent White: high albedo

  9. Compared to Ch01: no strong differences in the cloud features over the ocean; but: much better land recognition MSG: Ch02 CF

  10. MTP:VIS(2x)+IR CF

  11. Sharper contours and more detailed grey-shades through improved space resolution in IR and additional information from 2 different VIS channels MSG:129 CF blue: high White/grey/blue: multilevel

  12. CM: Cold Fronts • Typical Katacoldfront

  13. MTP: ir CF CF Typical intensification of front cloud on cyclonic side of a crossing jet streak; in IR detectable only from general structure

  14. Typical intensification of front cloud on cyclonic side of a crossing jet streak; in IR detectable only from general structure MSG: Ch09 CF CF Sharper contours through improved space resolution

  15. Typical intensification of front cloud on cyclonic side of a crossing jet streak; in vis differentiation between thick and transparent cloud parts possible MTP: vis CF CF

  16. Looks relatively similar; but: somewhat coarser space resolution MSG: Ch01 CF CF Typical intensification of front cloud on cyclonic side of a crossing jet streak; in vis differentiation between thick and transparent cloud parts possible

  17. Compared to Ch01: no strong differences in the cloud features over the ocean; but: much better land recognition MSG: Ch02 CF CF Typical intensification of front cloud on cyclonic side of a crossing jet streak; in vis differentiation between thick and transparent cloud parts possible

  18. Typical intensification of front cloud on cyclonic side of a crossing jet streak; blue: high cloud on anticyclonic jet side grey: thick cloud parts MTP:VIS(2x)+IR CF CF

  19. Sharper contours and more detailed grey-shades through improved space resolution in IR and additional information from 2 different VIS channels MSG:129 CF Typical intensification of front cloud on cyclonic side of a crossing jet streak; blue: high cloud on anticyclonic jet side grey: thick cloud parts line of lower cloud cells discernable CF

  20. Typical intensification of front cloud on cyclonic side of a crossing jet streak; jet axis through dark stripe well recognisable MTP: wv CF CF

  21. Typical intensification of front cloud on cyclonic side of a crossing jet streak; jet axis through dark stripe well recognisable MSG: Ch05 CF CF

  22. Ch06: Signals from much lower down in tropopshere; black stripe crossing frontal cloud band less good but still recognisable MSG: Ch06 CF CF Typical intensification of front cloud on cyclonic side of a crossing jet streak;

  23. CMs:Coldfronts(Ana- and Katatype) • MTP channels in comparison with the corresponding MSG channels • CM Coldfronts: IR image + relevant NWP parameters • MSG additional channels + Channel combinations • (WV and WV difference images)

  24. CM: Cold Fronts • Typical Anacoldfront

  25. Thickness (green)+ TFP (blue) High gradient of thickness at rearward edge of frontal cloud band; TFP close to the leading edge of the frontal cloud band

  26. Thickness (green) + TA (red) CA Zeroline of TA close to rearward edge of frontal cloud band; CA at 700 within biggest part of frontal cloud

  27. Isotachs 300 Jetaxis and jet streak along rearward side of frontal cloud band

  28. MSG: Ch05 zeroline of shear vort 300 (yellow) Zeroline of shear vorticity 300 (jetaxis) fits to transition from wet to dry

  29. MSG: Ch06 zeroline of shear vort 300 (yellow) Zeroline of shear vorticity 300 (jetaxis) fits to transition from wet to dry;no tilt between Ch05 and 06 recognisable

  30. MSG:139 zeroline of shear vort. 300 (black) Zeroline of shear vorticity 300 (jetaxis) fits to the margenta fibre at the rear of the cloud band; high cold tops consisting of ice

  31. CM: Cold Fronts • Typical Katacoldfront

  32. Thickness (green)+ TFP (blue) High thickness gradient and TFP close to rear side of frontal cloud band as well as in the intensification area;

  33. TA (red) Main part of the frontal cloud band is under WA at 700

  34. Isotachs (yellow) + PVA (red) at 300 PVA max A jet streak crosses the front at the N-S oriented part; the intensification area is under strong PVA in the left exit region of the jet streak

  35. MSG: Ch09 zeroline of shear vort 300 (black) The jet axis (zeroline of shear vort. At 300) crosses the cloud band at the N-S oriented part

  36. MSG: Ch05 zeroline of shear vort 300 (black) The jet axis (zeroline of shear vort. at 300) is close to the dark stripe in WV

  37. MSG: Ch06 zeroline of shear vort 300 (black) The jet axis (zeroline of shear vort. at 300) is close to the dark stripe in WV; but: it is drier than in the upper WV channel; some tilt between Ch05 and Ch06

  38. CMs:Coldfronts(Ana- and Katatype) • MTP channels in comparison with the corresponding MSG channels • CM Cold Fronts: IR image + relevant NWP parameters • MSG additional channels + Channel combinations • (WV and WV difference images)

  39. CM: Cold Fronts • Typical Anacoldfront

  40. MSG:129 For reasons of comparison with analoge RGBs fron NOAA the IR ch09 is inverted CF Yellow/grey/blue: multilayered; transparent cold cloud line at the rearward edge

  41. MSG: Ch03 CF Ice clouds are superimposed on water clouds; line of ice clouds along rearward edge of frontal cloud band

  42. MSG:321 CF Grey shades: from Vis channels Cyan: represents the ice clouds from Ch03: line of ice clouds along rearward edge of frontal cloud band

  43. MSG:139: The IR ch09 is inverted CF Blue: cold transparent cloud Magenta: ice cloud line of ice cloud along rearward edge

  44. MSG:139: The IR ch09 is not inverted but used as original radiation CF Brown: thin cold ice cloud Brown-red:thick, multilayered cloud Yellow: thick water cloud

  45. MSG:134 CF Brown/orange: cold cloud top; ice cloud

  46. CM: Cold Fronts • Typical Katacoldfront

  47. MSG:129: For reasons of comparison with analoge RGBs fron NOAA the IR ch09 is inverted Yellow/grey/blue: multilayered; transparent cold cloud; thick cloud in the intensification area

  48. MSG: Ch03 Ice clouds are superimposed on water clouds; intensification area consists of ice and water cloud

  49. MSG: Ch03 Ice clouds are superimposed on water clouds; intensification area consists of ice and water cloud

  50. Grey shades: from Vis channels Cyan: represents the ice clouds from Ch03: intensification area shows ice on top of water cloud MSG:321

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