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The Road to the American Civil War

This text discusses the Compromise of 1850, the Fugitive Slave Act, the 1852 Presidential Election, expansionism under President Pierce, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the Know-Nothings, the 1856 Presidential Election, the Dred Scott decision, the Lecompton Constitution, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, John Brown's Raid, the 1860 Presidential Election, and the establishment of the Confederacy.

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The Road to the American Civil War

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  1. The Road to the American Civil War 1850’s

  2. Compromise of 1850 424-429

  3. Compromise of 1850

  4. The Fugitive Slave Act1850 • Increased power of slave owners to capture escaped slaves • Fed gov’t supported slave owners • Imposed fed penalties on citizens who protected or assisted slaves • Abolitionists reacted fiercely: Some support armed resistance!

  5. 1852 Presidential Election √Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil

  6. 1852Election Results Marked End of Whig Party!!

  7. Expansionism Under Pierce • Clayton-Bulwer Treaty • Neither US or GB would fortify or secure exclusive control over any future waterway in Panama region • The “Young American Movement” • Sense of national pride and American superiority • Southerners want more territory for cotton! • Ostend Manifesto • Secret document where the US offered $130 million for Cuba and if Spain said no, US would take it!! • Commodore Matthew Perry and his war ships open trade with Japan

  8. Crisis of the National Party System 429-434

  9. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

  10. “Bleeding Kansas”

  11. John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr? May 1856 – Pottawatomie Massacre Mural in the Kansas Capitol buildingby John Steuart Curry (20c)

  12. The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party] • Nativists. • Anti-Catholics. • Anti-immigrants.

  13. 1856 Presidential Election √James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican American Party

  14. 1856Election Results

  15. Differences Deepen

  16. “The Crime Against Kansas” Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA) Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC)

  17. Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857 Chief Justice Taney • Overturned Missouri Compromise and Compromise of 1850 • Upheld the right of slave owners to their property in new territories • Questioned the validity of popular sovereignty • Threw case out b/c slaves weren’t citizens and therefore DID NOT have the right to sue in S.C.

  18. Lecompton Constitution • Pro-slavery constitution for KS which sparked a federal debate • Free-soilers boycotted pro-slavery gov’t by forming their own gov’t in Topeka • Constitution supported by Pres. Buchanan but blocked in Congress • 1859 – KS held another constitutional convention and was admitted as a free state in 1861 • Impact on Democrats • Split party among sectional lines

  19. The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858 A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

  20. Stephen Douglas & the Freeport Doctrine PopularSovereignty?

  21. John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, Oct. 1859

  22. Effects of Harper’s Ferry • Brown seen as an agent of northern abolitionism and antislavery conspiracy (‘secret six’) • Southern states began to organize for protection against future threats • Perhaps the most immediate cause of disunion!!

  23. The South Secedes 438-443

  24. 1860PresidentialElection √Abraham LincolnRepublican John BellConstitutional Union John C. BreckinridgeSouthern Democrat Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat

  25. Republican Party Platform 1860 • Non-extension of slavery • Protective tariff • No abridgment of rights for immigrants • Government aid to build a Pacific RR • Internal improvements at federal expense. • Free homesteads for the public domain

  26. 1860 Election Results

  27. Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

  28. Establishment of the Confederacy • Commitment to individualism and decentralization • Support states rights • Abolition of slavery IMPOSSIBLE!

  29. The Confederate “White House” Montgomery

  30. The Leaders of the Confederacy Pres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander Stevens Secession was normal, responsible & expectable

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