Industrial Revolution Part II

1. Industrial Revolution Part II

2. Warm Up • Please try to unscramble the following words that have to do with the Industrial Revolution and the Agricultural Revolution (candy for the first two who bring up a sheet with the correct answers written on it) • LACO • MEATS • RECESUNLO • ENTNEETM • ZARUBANITION Hint: Think about moving to cities, factory production, materials used, effects of the agricultural revolution, etc.

3. Change in Where People Live • Urbanization – movement of people to the cities • New demand for labor to work in factories

4. Revolution Spreads • Industrialization - The process in which a country transforms itself from an agricultural society into one based on the manufacturing of goods and services. • Farming machines and factories

5. Other Countries Industrialize • Germany, Belgium, France, US, Japan…. • Factors for success/industrialization • Resources • Political Stability • Social and economic Freedom?

6. Effects of Urbanization - Disease • Diseases such as cholera, typhoid, and tuberculosis devastated cities • Lack of hygiene, little knowledge of sanitary care and no knowledge as to what caused diseases causes.

7. Overcrowding and Poor Living Conditions • From 1850-1900 London’s Population Increases from 2.6 million to 6.5 million • Europe’s Population More than doubles (emigration to the US as well) • Poor live in foul smelling slums • Tenement – a multistory building divided into apartments (no running water, sewage, etc) Kellow Chesney - ‘Hideous slums, some of them acres wide, some no more than crannies of obscure misery, make up a substantial part of the, metropolis … In big, once handsome houses, thirty or more people of all ages may inhabit a single room,’ (1)

8. Journal #19 Part I • 1. Why are the workers in the next two readings willing to work under the conditions described? • 2. What do you think these workers lives were like before they worked in the mines or factories?

9. Working in the Mines "The Mother Sets Out First" The mother goes down into the pit [coal mine] with her daughters. Each has a basket, and the large coals are rolled into it. Such is the weight carried that it often takes two men to lift the burden upon their backs. The girls are loaded according to their strength. The mothers set out first, carrying a lighted candle in her teeth and the girls follow. In this manner they go slowly up the stairs, stopping occasionally to draw breath. They arrive at the hill, or pit-top,where the coals are laid down for sale. In this manner they go for eight or ten hours almost without resting. It is not uncommon to see them, when coming up from the pit, weeping most bitterly from the excessively hard work. Adapted from inquiry into the Conditions of Women who carry Coals under Ground in Scotland, Edinburgh, 1812

10. Risks of working in factories " “The accidents that occur to the manufacturing populationof Birmingham are very severe and numerous. This is shown by the registers of the General Hospital. Many accidents are caused by the lack of proper attention to the fencing of machinery [putting guards around moving parts]. This appears to be seldom thought of in the manufactories. Manyaccidents occur when loose portions of dress are caught by the machinery. The unfortunate sufferers are dragged into the machine. The shawls of the females, or their long hair, often cause dreadful mutilations [injuries]. So do the aprons and loose sleeves of the boys and men.” Adapted lrom 'Reporl on the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouing Population.' Padiamentary papers, (Vol. 27), 1842, p. 208 Dreadful Mutilations" The following selection is from an investigation of factories conducted byParliament in 1842.

11. Journal #19 Part I • 1. Why are the workers in both of these readings willing to work under the conditions described? • 2. What do you think these workers lives were like before they worked in the mines or factories?

12. Also in Journal #19 - For the following pictures please do the following 1) Title the Picture 2) Write two observations of things you see in the picture 3) Write two conclusions that you can make about what is pictured

13. Where are these men working?

14. Under what conditions do they work?

15. What hazards might they face?

16. How would you feel if you had to work long hours in this steel mill?

21. Conditions in the mines and factories • What do you think the conditions were like down there? • What was their work like? • What was the air like? • How were they treated?

24. Testimony - Matthew Crabtree What is your occupation? — A blanket manufacturer. Have you ever been employed in a factory? — Yes. At what age did you first go to work in one? — Eight. Will you state the hours of labour at the period when you first went to the factory, in ordinary times? — From 6 in the morning to 8 at night. Fourteen hours? — Yes. With what intervals for refreshment and rest? — An hour at noon. When trade was brisk what were your hours? — From 5 in the morning to 9 in the evening. Sixteen hours? — Yes.

25. Continued Was there any time allowed for you to get your breakfast in the mill? — No. Did you take it before you left your home? — Generally. Were you always in time? — No. What was the consequence if you had been too late? — I was most commonly beaten. Severely? — Very severely, I thought. In those mills is chastisement towards the latter part of the day going on perpetually? Perpetually. So that you can hardly be in a mill without hearing constant crying? — Never an hour, I believe. Do you think that if the overlooker were naturally a humane person it would still be found necessary for him to beat the children, in order to keep up their attention and vigilance at the termination of those extraordinary days of labour? — Yes; the machine turns off a regular quantity of cardings, and of course, they must keep as regularly to their work the whole of The day; they must keep with the machine, and therefore however humane the slubber may be, as he must keep up with the machine or be found fault with, he spurs the children to keep up also by various means but that which he commonly resorts to is to strap them when they become drowsy.

26. Journal Entry #20 • Imagine that you are being forced to work in a factory as a child laborer. Please write a letter to one of your classmates who was lucky enough to stay in school instead of have to work in the factory. • Make sure to include • What kind of factory you are working at • What the conditions are like there • What the work is like, hours/days you are working, how you are being treated.

27. Questions 1. Please list and briefly describe the three classes that formed once the industrial revolution took place. 2. Please construct the table below and complete the information 3. Where did poor families, orphans and the unemployed tend to live? 4. What are two problems that came as a result of the cramped and unsanitary conditions in the cities? 5. What conclusion can you draw from the table at the bottom of page 2? What problems likely happened as a result of this?