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ALTERNATIVE ENERGY

Delve into the world's largest solar facility in California and the UK's first wind farm, supplying homes with alternative energy. Learn about PV systems, wind turbine components, and the future of renewable energy.

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ALTERNATIVE ENERGY

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  1. ALTERNATIVE ENERGY The world's largest solar facility in California consists of a 150-megawatt concentrating solar power system that uses parabolic trough collectors. www.nrel.gov/solar_radiation/solar_photos.html Fred Loxsom Eastern Connecticut State University

  2. Alternative, Renewable, Sustainable Two Examples: Photovoltaic Wind

  3. Photovotaic Power PV House (5/1/09) http://www.enviko.com/html/pv.html

  4. Grid-Connected Systems PV System (5/1/09) http://www.energyeducation.tx.gov/renewables/section_3/topics/photovoltaic_cells/f.html

  5. Solar maps for Flat plate collectors

  6. Grid-Connected Residential PV Residential PV (5/509) http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/assets/images/events/2161-residential-pv-installation-training.jpg

  7. Grid-Connected Commercial PV Solar Array (5/5/09) http://www.sjcrespect.com/meetings.html

  8. PV Module Solar Module (5/5/09) http://www.solarhome.org/solarworldsw165-monosunmodulepvmodule.aspx

  9. PV Cells PV cell (5/5/09) http://www.homesolarpvpanels.com/solar-pv-cells.php

  10. Polycrystalline Cell Polycrystalline Cell (5/5/09) http://www.solar-energy-at-home.com/solar-cell.html

  11. Thin Film Cell Thin Film PV Cell (5/5/09) http://www1.eere.energy.gov/tribalenergy/guide/pv_materials.html

  12. Power Capacity or Peak Power Rating Amersfoort, Netherlands, Pv (5/13/09) http://www.sunenergysite.eu/en/top5pv.php

  13. Efficiency and Area Array Area (m2) = Capacity (kW)/ Efficiency Solar Power (5/12/09) http://www.nrel.gov/ NREL PIX number04577

  14. Capacity Factor Capacity Factor = 20% Berrego Solar (5/12/09) http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/object/article?f=/g/a/2006/01/25/gree.DTL&o=1

  15. System Price Price = $9/W of capacity http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/object/article?f=/g/a/2006/01/25/gree.DTL&o=1

  16. US Electric Power Capacity (GW) Rural Solar (5/13/09) http://design.walkerart.org/detail.wac?id=4376&title=&style=images

  17. Future for PV 200 GW by 2030 Electric Energy = 0.20 x 200 GW x 24h x 365 = 350 billion kWh Carbon Reduction = 0.25 MtC/billion kWh x 350 billion kWh = 88 MtC (US total is 1600 MtC) Sunset (5/12/09) http://scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/upload/2009/04/pining_for_the_sun/sunset.jpg

  18. Wind Power UK's first wind farm in the Irish Sea which will supply 50,000 homes with power http://www.greenpeace.org/international/photosvideos/photos/the-uk-s-first-wind-farm-in-th-3

  19. Wind Resources http://attra.ncat.org/images/renewables/windResourceMap2.jpg,

  20. CT Wind Resources http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/maps_template.asp?stateab=ct, Retreived on 2/11/2009

  21. Massachusetts Wind Resources http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/maps_template.asp?stateab=ma, Retrieved on 2/11/2009

  22. Wyoming Wind Resources http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/maps_template.asp?stateab=ma, Retrieved on 2/11/2009

  23. Wind Power Classes http://www.nrel.gov/wind/facilities_site_tour.html?print, retrieved on 3/5/2009

  24. Wind Speed Distribution www.windatlas.ca/en/faq.php

  25. Seasonal Wind Speed California’s seasonal wind speed chart http://www.tlws.ca/images/wind_speed.gif

  26. Wind Turbine Components http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/chapter16.html

  27. Steam Turbine

  28. Wind Turbine Efficiency http://www.windturbine-analysis.netfirms.com/index-intro.htm

  29. Savonius Wind Turbine Helical 3 kW wind generator , manufactured by the Solener Corp. (permission given 3/10/2009) http://www.solener.com/index_e.html

  30. Dutch Windmill Photography by R. Dumoulin http://www.richarddumoulin.com/

  31. American Multi-blade Windmill BullseyeMicrocaps.comhttp://www.bullseyemicrocaps.com/profiles/dksc/index.php

  32. Darrieus Wind Turbine Windspire vertical-axis wind turbine (Credit: Mariah Power) http://news.cnet.com/8301-11128_3-9956965-54.html?tag=mncol;txt Darrieus rotor http://www.windturbine-analysis.netfirms.com/index-intro.htm

  33. Three-Blade HAWT Coal Clough wind farm, Cumbria http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/media/press-releases/leading-green-groups-support-lake-district-wind-farm

  34. Example: Searsburg Wind Facility Green Mountain Power - Searsburg Wind Facility http://www.gmpvt.com/windmil2.htm • 11 Turbines at 0.55 MW each

  35. Example: Desert Sky – West Texas 107 Turbines at 1.5 MW each http://www.gepower.com/prod_serv/products/wind_turbines/en/downloads/wind_service.pdf

  36. Workers Blade 112’ long Nacelle 56 tons Tower 3 sections Wind Turbine Components

  37. GE 3.6 MW Turbine GE's 3.6-megawatt wind turbine http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/news/news_detail.cfm/news_id=9823

  38. GE 3.6 MW Turbine Power Curve Annual average wind speed at hub height. http://www.gepower.com/prod_serv/products/wind_turbines/en/36mw/36mw_data.htm

  39. GE 3.6 MW Turbine Annual Energy Annual average wind speed at hub height. http://www.gepower.com/prod_serv/products/wind_turbines/en/36mw/36mw_data.htm

  40. Capacity Factor Capacity Factor = 40%

  41. Example: Cape Wind Project • 130 turbines • 3.6 MW each http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/classactivities/energyarticles.html

  42. Environmental Issue – Visual Pollution • Visual pollution • Bird and bat migration A computer illustration of the proposed Cape Wind turbine farm off the shores of Cape Cod. (Photo: CapeWind.org) http://greeninc.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/01/16/cape-wind-project-clears-key-hurdle/

  43. Environmental Issue – Bird Mortalities

  44. Economics - PTC http://www.cornwall.gov.uk/index.cfm?articleid=4242

  45. Competitive with Coal Wind turbines; China Posted by Martin Lloyd at 10:33 AM February 18, 2009weblog.greenpeace.org/.../archives/climate/

  46. Transmission

  47. Electric Power Capacity Sherman county wind farm, Oregon http://www.orsolutions.org/central/windfarm.htm

  48. Future for Wind 250 GW by 2030 Electric Energy = 0.40 x 250 GW x 24h x 365 = 880 billion kWh Carbon Reduction = 0.25 MtC/billion kWh x 880 billion kWh = 220 MtC (US total is 1600 MtC) Sunset (5/12/09) http://scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/upload/2009/04/pining_for_the_sun/sunset.jpg

  49. Conclusion • Barriers for Utility Wind • Transmission Infrastructure • Variability • Public Acceptance • Barriers for Rooftop PV • Cost • Grid-Integration Sunset (5/12/09) http://scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/upload/2009/04/pining_for_the_sun/sunset.jpg

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