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2. Congress as source of presidential power A. Expanded to deal w/ emergencies

2. Congress as source of presidential power A. Expanded to deal w/ emergencies 1.Gulf of Tonkin Reslution 2.Patriot Act B. Expanded powers over economic matters 1.Pres. Prepares Budget 3. Prestige of office itself. 4. Limits on Presidential Power

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2. Congress as source of presidential power A. Expanded to deal w/ emergencies

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  1. 2. Congress as source of presidential power • A. Expanded to deal w/ emergencies • 1.Gulf of Tonkin Reslution • 2.Patriot Act • B. Expanded powers over economic matters • 1.Pres. Prepares Budget • 3. Prestige of office itself.

  2. 4. Limits on Presidential Power • A. Congress: override veto, refuse treaty/appointments, impeachment, investigate • 1.Challenged war powers w/ War Powers Act. • B. Influence of Public Opinion • C. Power of the cts to strike down programs/limit power.

  3. D.Difficulty in managing the Bureaucracy • 1. Size • 2. Careerists • 3. Congress determines funding. • E. Lack of control outside econ., military, and political forces • F. Influence of Special interest groups

  4. G. Danger of Nuclear confrontation • H. Incomplete, biased, incorrect info • I. Power of Press • J. Domestic political and economic problems • K.Time: Only 4 years in office • L.Iron Triangles: Special interest+Congress+Exec. agency gang up on pres.

  5. Sec.4: Presidential Leadership • A. The Pres. has 9 major roles/duties • 1.Head of State: Collective image of U.S. • a. Ceremonial Duties • b. Usually head of state/executive separate.

  6. B. Chief Executive: Enforcing Laws, running the Bureaucracy

  7. C. Chief Jurist: Some influence over Cts., heads Justice Department • 1.Pardons, Reprieves, Amnesty: Blanket Pardon

  8. D. Chief Legislator • 1.Recommends laws to Congress • 2. Approves/Vetoes Legislation • a. Pocket Veto: During 10 days if Congress adjourns and Pres. does nothing bill dies.

  9. E. Economic Planner: Grown significantly since FDR, submit economic report and budget to Congress

  10. F. Party Leader • 1. Expected to lead the party: help those running, attend fundraisers, etc. • 2. Patronage: Pres appts ppl to gov’t positions, reward party faithful.

  11. G. Chief Diplomat: Deal with foreign governments.

  12. H. Commander in Chief: Civilian Supremacy

  13. 6. Can Commit in an undeclared war like Vietnam (War Powers act Passed) • a. Must consults congress within 48 hours. • b. Can’t be abroad longer than 60 days w/o Congress Approval. • c. Congress may require pres to withdraw. • 7. Pres has advantage over Congress. • I. Since WWII: Leader of Free World.

  14. Bureaucracy Unit 9

  15. Section1A: Cabinet’s Limited Role • A. The Cabinet: An advisory group, made up of the heads of the 15 major executive departments (secretaries): Advise President and Enforce Government Policies. • 1. Washington started custom • a. Not in Constitution • b. 1st Cabinet • 1.Sec of State (Jefferson) • 2.Sec of Treasury (Hamilton) • 3.Sec of War (Knox) • 4.Attorney General (Randolph)

  16. c. Appointed by Pres, approved by Senate (Majority)

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