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The Skeletal System Section 13.2

Learn about the skeletal system, its parts, functions, and how to take care of your bones. Discover the different types of joints, bone structure, growth, and development.

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The Skeletal System Section 13.2

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  1. The Skeletal SystemSection 13.2

  2. Remember:“CTOOSO” Cells  Tissues  Organs  Organ Systems  Organism

  3. Homeostasis: the process where the body keeps internal conditions the same even when external conditions change.

  4. The human adult skeleton has 206 bones.

  5. I. Parts of the Skeleton • The axial skeleton is composed of the skull, spinal column and ribcage.

  6. B. The appendicular skeleton is composed of the clavicle, scapula, arms, hands, pelvis, legs and feet.

  7. II. Functions of the Skeleton • Shape and support The center of the skeleton is a flexible vertebral column. All other bones are connected to it providing shape and support to the body.

  8. Movement Muscles are attached to bone by tendons. When muscles contract the bones shift position and movement results.

  9. C. Protection- Bones protect delicate organs like the heart, lungs and brain.

  10. D. Storage of substances Bones store minerals like calcium and phosphorus and release them when needed by the body.

  11. E. Production- The long bones in your arms and legs produce blood cells.

  12. III. Joints of the Skeleton Joints are where two bones come together. The type of joint determines the way that your bones can move.

  13. A.Immovable joints can’t move. The plates on the cranium are an example.

  14. Movable Joints 1. Movable joints are held together by ligaments (bone to bone). 2. Cartilage (a soft flexible type of bone) can cover the ends of bones to keep them from rubbing together.

  15. 3. Joint types are * Hinge (knee, elbow) * Ball and Socket (shoulder, hip) * Pivot (neck) * Sliding (wrist, ankle)

  16. IV. Bones Strong and Living Bones are complex living structures that grow and develop.

  17. A. Bone Structure

  18. Periosteum- thin tough membrane covering the bone. 2. Blood Vessels and nerves 3. Compact Bone- hard dense bone which has canals in it for blood vessels and nerves to run to the bone cells (osteocytes)

  19. 4. Spongy Bone- found at the ends of bone, spaces make it lightweight but strong. 5. Marrow- inside of the bone spaces. * Red makes blood cells * Yellow stores fat

  20. Bone Strength 1. Bones are hard due to the minerals in them (calcium and phosphorus). 2. 20% of our total weight is due to our bones.

  21. Bone Growth 1. Bones form new tissue as you grow. 2. New bone tissue grows where bones have been broken making them even stronger.

  22. Bone Development 1. When you are born most of your bone is cartilage. 2. Cartilage is replaced by bone as you develop.

  23. 3. Some cartilage remains in your nose and ears.

  24. V. Taking Care of Your Bones Use your book pages 524-525 to complete the last three sections. A. Diet 1. 2. B. Exercise 1. 2. • Osteoporosis 1. 2.

  25. The bones song: Hu, Hu, Humerus Shoulder to Elbow The thumb side is the radius The ulna is below

  26. Fe, Fe Femur Hips down to your knee The shin bone is the tibia The Fibula’s skinny

  27. Pa, Pa Patella Important you can see A tendon holds this bone in place It caps off your two knees

  28. Add your own verse using information from your bones chart! It has to follow the format from the previous verses and fit to “Row, row, row your boat.” You must use new bones not already in the song.

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