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Unveiling Research Opportunities at LCLS: Five Revolutions in Light

Explore the dynamic world of research opportunities at LCLS, delving into the evolution of light-related technologies and their impact on various scientific fields. From the inception of the light bulb to the groundbreaking invention of X-ray lasers, witness how the smallest components can lead to significant advancements in our understanding of atoms, molecules, and molecular dynamics. Discover key areas of interest such as equilibrium, devices' functionality, chemical reactions, and extreme states of matter, all captured through state-of-the-art imaging techniques at LCLS. Join us on a journey through the realms of static structures, dynamic functions, and the future of technological speeds in scientific exploration.

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Unveiling Research Opportunities at LCLS: Five Revolutions in Light

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  1. Research Opportunities at LCLS September 2011 Joachim Stöhr

  2. Five Revolutions in “light” • 1879 - Invention of the light bulb • 1895 - Discovery of X-Rays • 1960 - Invention of the LASER • 1970 - Synchrotron radiation x-rays - SSRL • 2009 - The first x-ray laser - LCLS

  3. The speed of things – the smaller the fast manifestation of the physical concept of “inertia” = resistance to motion, action, or change macro molecules molecular groups atoms “electrons” & “spins” Laser flash

  4. The new science paradigm: Static “structure” plus dynamic “function” Present technological speeds Future technological speeds Lasers X-ray Lasers

  5. Important areas of LCLS research Because of their size, atoms and “bonds” can change fast but how do systems evolve? key areas of interest: equilibrium (phase diagrams of complex materials…) close to equilibrium (operation or function of a system…) far from equilibrium (transient states like a chemical reaction…) far, far from equilibrium (matter during inertial confinement fusion…)

  6. “Equilibrium”: What is the structure of water? Small angle x-ray scattering shows inhomogeneity Disordered soup Ice like clusters Components probably dynamic – form and dissolve - can we take an ultrafast snapshot??

  7. How do we image with LCLS?

  8. “Close to equilibrium” – how does a device function: e.g. how does a spin current turn the magnetization ? magnetic switching today in 1 ns how fast can it be done? “bit” in cell Magnetic structure of “bit” Computer chip Electronic circuit Memory cell

  9. “Far from equilibrium”:How does a chemical reaction proceed? reaction dynamics & intermediates end reaction products What are the key intermediate reactive species?

  10. “Far, far from equilibrium”: Warm and hot dense matter The properties of matter in extreme states - which on earth can only be created transiently on ultrafast time scale- Sample

  11. “Image before destroy” snapshotsfemtosecond protein crystallography • Atoms = electronic cores move slow enough so that • “image before destruction” becomes possible at LCLS • requirements: • maximum intensity for signal-to-noise • pulse length (~10 fs) shorter than atomic motion (100 fs)

  12. LCLS facilities overview Injector electron beam 1km linac 14GeV AMO SXR Undulator hall XPP Near-hall: 3 stations XCS x-ray beam CXI Far-hall: 3 stations MEC

  13. 132 meters of FEL undulators

  14. Experimental Halls and Operations Schedules Near Experimental Hall AMO SXRXPP X-ray Transport Tunnel 200 m XCS CXI MEC Start of operation AMO Oct-09 < 30Hz 60Hz 60Hz, 120Hz since Jan 2011 SXR May-10 XPP October-10 CXI February-11 Spring-12 XCS Far Experimental Hall MEC Fall-12

  15. Optical laser versus X-ray free electron laser Optical laser X-ray laser • electrons in discrete energy states • stimulated emission amplified • through mirrors • fixed photon energy • low energy, long wavelength photons • compact • a bunch (~109) of free electrons • stimulated emission amplified • through electron ordering • tunable photon energy • high energy, short wavelength photons • large

  16. The end

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