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The Skeletal & Muscular Systems: Structure, Functions, and Interactions

Learn about the skeletal system, which provides shape and support to the body, protects organs, and stores essential minerals. Discover the muscular system, its types of muscles, and how they work to move body parts and generate energy.

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The Skeletal & Muscular Systems: Structure, Functions, and Interactions

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  1. Skeletal & Muscular Systems

  2. Skeletal System • Made up of all of the bones in your body, it is the framework of the body. • Each bone in your body is a living organ, made of different tissues. • Cells in bones take in food and use energy.

  3. Skeletal System • Five Functions of Skeletal System: 1. Framework gives shape & support to the body.

  4. Skeletal System Five Functions of Skeletal System: 2. Bones protect the internal organs.

  5. Skeletal System • Five Functions of Skeletal System: 3. Major muscles of the body are attached to the bones. (Tendons)

  6. SkeletalSystem • Five Functions of Skeletal System: 4. . Blood cells are formed in red marrow of some bones.

  7. Skeletal System • Five Functions of Skeletal System: 5. Skeleton is a place where major quantities of calcium and phosphorus compounds are stored.

  8. Bones • Theadult skeleton has 206 bones (baby has more than 300).

  9. Joints • Any place where two or more bones meet • Ligaments: tough bands of tissue that hold bones together at the joints

  10. Muscular System • Muscles are the motors that move body parts. • Bones and joints have no power to move on their own. • More than 600 muscles in the body • 35–40% of body mass is muscle

  11. Muscular System • Muscle—organ that contracts and becomes shorter or expands andbecomes longer • Result = Body parts move, energy is used, and work is done.

  12. Muscular System • Two Groups of Muscles 1. Voluntary—You can control these. • Arms, legs, hands, face 2. Involuntary—You can’t control these; you don’t have to decide to make these muscles work. • Muscles around the heart

  13. Muscular System • Three Types of Muscle Tissue 1.Skeletal Muscle • Most numerous in body • Looks striped (striated) • Attached to the bones by tendons • Tendons—thick bands that pull on the bone as the muscle contracts • Voluntary • Contract quickly, tire easily

  14. Muscular System • Three Types of Muscle Tissue (cont.) 2. Smooth Muscle • Involuntary • Found in: walls of stomach, intestine, uterus, etc. • Contracts and relaxes slowly • No striations

  15. Muscular System • Three Types of Muscle Tissue (cont.) 3. Cardiac Muscle • Only found in heart • Involuntary • Has striations • Contracts 70 times per minute (heartbeat)

  16. Muscles at Work • Skeletal muscle movements are results of pairs of muscles working together. • One muscle contracts while the other muscle relaxes. • Muscles always pull; they never push.

  17. Muscles at Work • Results of Muscle Action • Muscles contract • This produces thermal energy, and it uses chemical energy. • Thermal energy produces heat that helps keep body temperature constant. • Chemical energy is from glucose. (When glucose is used up, muscles are tired and need to rest.) Over time, muscles become larger or smaller, depending on how much work they do.

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