The Muscular and Skeletal Systems

1. The Muscular andSkeletal Systems

2. Fun facts about the muscular system! • Skeletal muscles work in pairs • Your muscle cells produce enough heat every day to boil almost 2 pints of water for an hour. • Smile! It takes 30 muscles to smile! • Your heart beats more than 4,500 times per hour!

3. Muscular System The Power to Move, The Power to Live The Power to Work

4. How Do Muscles Work? • Muscles work by contracting or shortening to cause movement, like a spring or rubber band. • Muscles can onlypull-they cannot push!!

5. Think… • Muscles require a lot of energy to contract. In a muscle cell, which organelle is responsible for providing that energy? • The mitochondria is the power producer for a cell. There are numerous (many) mitochondria inside each muscle cell!

6. Two ways muscles work… • Involuntary • Voluntary

7. Involuntary Muscle • Muscle that is NOT under conscious control • You don’t have to think about the things these muscles control • For example: • Heart beating • Food digesting

8. Voluntary Muscle • Muscle that is under conscious control • Ex. Flexing your arm muscle

9. Types of Muscle Tissue • There are three types of muscle tissue that help our body function • Smooth Muscle • Cardiac Muscle • Skeletal Muscle • They look different and have different functions

10. Types of Muscle Tissue Cardiac Skeletal Smooth

11. Types of Muscle Tissue

12. Cardiac Muscle Structure Only found in the heart • Never gets tired • Involuntary Function • Causes heart to beat so blood can be pumped to the body.

13. Skeletal Muscle • Structure • You control these activities in your body (voluntary) • Tires quickly • Function • Provides the force that moves your bones When the biceps contract, the arm bends. When the triceps contract, the arm straightens When the hamstring contracts, the knee bends.

14. Smooth Muscle Structure • Lines the inside of your internal organs, and blood vessels • Tires slowly • Involuntary Function • Provides the force that moves materials throughout the body • In the stomach and intestines it helps food digest • In the blood vessels it helps move materials.

15. Types of Muscle Tissue • Question 1: Choose the correct choice • What are the three types of muscle tissue? • A) skeletal, red, white • B) cardiac, smooth, skeletal • C) cardiac, skeletal, red • Answer: • B) cardiac, smooth, skeletal

16. How do they work? • Muscles are connected to bones by an elastic-like strap called a tendon. • Because muscles cannot push, They have to work together with another muscle (as a pair) to move bones. • While one pulls, the other relaxes.

17. Types of muscle tissue • 2. Which type of muscle tissue is voluntary? • Cardiac • Smooth • Skeletal • Answer: c) Skeletal • 3. What type of muscle never gets tired? • Cardiac • Smooth • Skeletal • Answer: a) Cardiac

18. Skeletal System It’s all about the bones!!!

19. 4 Cool Facts about the Skeletal System • 20% of your body weight is bone • Do the math • (Your body weight) X .20= the weight of your bones • There are 30 bones in your skull • You have 206 bones • More than ½ of these are in your hands and feet • Your largest bone is your femur and your smallest bone is in your Ear! Femur

20. 5 Functions of the Skeletal System • Provides shape and support • Enables you to move (works with muscles) • Protects internal organs • Produces blood cells • Stores materials for future use (Internal Balance ALERT)

21. Shape and Support Provides Shape and Support for Body • Shape depends on the organ (or organ system) it needs to protect • Example: • The skull is thick and round to cover the round brain!

22. Protects Internal Organs Protect your internal organs • Organs can be easily squished! • Example: • Heart is protected by breastbone • Lungs are protected by the rib cage • Spinal cord protected by spine

23. Produces Blood Cells Produces substances our body needs • Blood cells (white and red) made in the marrow of the long bones of the arms and legs Bone Marrow

24. Stores Materials for Future Use Compact bone – tightly packed into a solid mass where blood vessels are and minerals are stored Stores substances until your body needs them • Stores Calcium and Phosphorus • Internal Balance! (Homeostasis) • Bones release small amounts of Calcium and Phosphorus into body when it is running low!

25. Enables you to move Muscles work with bones to make you move

26. Other structures of the Skeletal System… - Joints - Ligaments

27. Joints Joints occur where two bones meet. They make the skeleton flexible — without them, movement would be impossible.

28. 2 Types of Joints • Fixed- Joints that do not provide movement such as your skull • Moveable- Joints that make your • skeleton flexible and allow you to move. • Ball and socket- Rotating movement such as your shoulder and hip. • Hinge- Joints that ben and straighten in on direction such as your knee and elbow and fingers • Gliding- permits a wide range of mostly sideways movements wrist and ankle • Pivot- permits a limited twisting motion neck and forearm.

29. Ligaments • Ligaments are the strong connective tissue that holds together bones in movable joints. Ligaments are like the “tape” that holds bones together.

30. Talk to your table group: • What are the 5 functions of the skeletal system? • How many bones are in your body? • Where are more than ½ of your bones located in your body? • What is the tissue that holds bones together called?

31. 5 Functions of the Skeletal System The Skeletal System Produces Blood Cells Stores Materials for Future Use Protects Internal Organs Shape and Support Movement