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Understanding Matter, Energy, and Measurement in Chemistry

Explore the concepts of mass, volume, weight, and density, alongside units of measurement like grams and liters. Learn about the importance of the metric system and SI units, as well as the fundamental principles of energy transfer and heat in chemical processes. Discover scientific notation and the significance of specific numerical values in chemistry.

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Understanding Matter, Energy, and Measurement in Chemistry

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  1. Chapter 2 Matter and Energy Pg 38 - 69

  2. Measurement • Measuring matter • Mass – how much matter is in an object • Volume – how much space an object takes up • Weight – how much gravity is on an object • Density – amount of mass in a certain volume

  3. Units • All numbers need units • All numbers need units • All numbers need units

  4. Units • Mass – measured in grams • mg, cg, dg, g, Dg, Hg, Kg • Volume – measured in cm3 or liters • mm3, cm3, m3, ml, cl, dl, L, DL, HL, KL • Density – measured in mass over volume • g , g , g , mg , mg , Kg , Kg cm3 ml L mm3 ml m3 L

  5. Metric system and International system (SI) • Length – Meter • Mass – Kilogram • Temperature – Kelvin • Amount of substance – Mole • Kilo, Hecto, Deca, (g, m, L), deci, centi, milli

  6. Energy • All physical and chemical changes involve a change in energy • Energy goes in or energy comes out. • If energy goes in it is endothermic • Ice melting • If energy comes out it is exothermic • Water freezing, paper burning

  7. Energy • Law of conservation of energy • Energy cannot be created or destroyed • It can only change form from one type to another

  8. Heat • Heat is a form of energy • Heat is the amount of particle movement • The faster the particles move, the more heat there is • Heat makes the particles move faster • Kinetic energy is the energy of movement • Heat is the amount of kinetic energy the particles have

  9. Temperature • Different scales • We use Celsius and Kelvin • We use Kelvin in all calculations • K = oC + 273

  10. Scientific Notation • 602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 is a very important number in chemistry • 6.02 x 1023 atoms in 1 mole of any substance • 0.00000000000000000000000001673 kg is the mass of 1 atom • 1.673 x 10-27 kg

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