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Soil Review: Horizon Types, Properties, and Lab Activities

This soil review provides an overview of horizon types, their properties, and lab activities related to soil porosity, permeability, and capillarity. Understand the different horizons and their characteristics for a comprehensive understanding of soil composition.

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Soil Review: Horizon Types, Properties, and Lab Activities

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  1. Review

  2. Review Horizon O - organic-mostly dead plant matter. Horizon A - Topsoil. Contains the most organic matter (humus) and is dark in color. Horizon B - Subsoil. The layer under A that contains clay and minerals and is usually brownish or reddish in color. Horizon C - The deepest layer of soil. Contains the largest and least weathered rocks. It is usually yellow-brown. Horizon D – Bedrock below soil.

  3. Review Soil is a mixture of 4 materials: • Weathered rock particles (sand, silt, and clay) • Organic matter • Water • Air

  4. Add To Table of Contents: Soil Lab Pg. 72 Soil Properties Pg. 73

  5. Soil PropertiesPg. 73

  6. POROSITY ANGULAR ROUND ROUNDNESS 1. Porosity - amount of space between sediments. A. Shape-Rounded particles have greater porosity than angular.

  7. POROSITY UNPACKED PACKED PACKING B. Packing- The closer the particles the lower the porosity.

  8. POROSITY SORTING C. Sorting-The more sorted the higher the porosity. - Same size=sorted. - Different sizes = unsorted (poorly sorted)

  9. Particle Size alone does NOT affect porosity!!!!! (Shaping, Packing, Sorting does)

  10. Which column has the least porosity? 1 2 3 4 1

  11. 1 2 3 4 1

  12. PERMEABILITY PARTICLE SIZE 2. Permeability-ability of water to pass through. -Tighter packing/smaller particles = less -Looser packing/larger particles = more

  13. Impermeability(not permeable) is due to: A. Tight packing of particles B. Cementing by clay or ice

  14. PERMEABILITY

  15. Which has the least permeability? 1 2 3 4

  16. Clay is impermeable – water will not flow through easily

  17. CAPILLARITY PARTICLE SIZE 3.Capillarity-water sticking to soil particles and moving up from the water table. (capillary action). - Smaller particles have more capillarity.

  18. Infiltration rate Infiltration rate Permeability Slope Porosity 4. Infiltration – water soaking into the ground. Infiltration rate

  19. Honors Lab Activity

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