1. Himalayanforeland Foreland basins www.geos.ed.ac.uk/homes/mnaylor/Links.html

2. Huge potential for erosion in modifying stresses is nowhere better illustrated than Himalaya; however critical taper theory only approximates outer edge of system

3. Collisional mountain belt

4. Pinchout point Forebulge Accommodation space (Hole) Flexure of beams Semi-infinite Infinite

5. Amount of flexure Flexural parameter Flexural rigidity M0 Flexure of the lithosphere

6. Basin types – Ocean-arc boundary

7. Basin types – Orogenic belts

8. Taiwan

9. dxtopo/dt Vthrust Topographic load (Ltopo) Vonlap Vplate Subsurface load (Lsub) Vplate is key determinant of foreland basin metrics f(Ltopo + Lsub + f(Vplate) Vthrust = f(dxtopo/dt) Vonlap = dxtopo/dt + f(Vplate) Mountain belt/foreland basin coupling Initial recognition of dependence of foreland basin on thrust geometry and growth (Beaumont, 1981; Jordan, 1981) Sea-level Subsidence = ,Te) + f(Vplate)

10. Early analyses System simulated by a tapered wedge overthrusting an elastic beam with surface redistribution by diffusion(Flemings & Jordan 1989; Sinclair et al., 1991)

11. Retro-peripheral foreland basin Pro-peripheral foreland basin Geometry Chronostratigraphy Steady-state time time growth Onset of orogenesis distance distance Onset of orogenesis Onset of orogenesis Steady-state Steady-state growth growth Tectonic subsidence depth depth Naylor & Sinclair, submitted to Basin Research

12. Taiwan

15. Taiwan

16. time time Steady-state growth Onset of orogenesis distance distance Chronostratigraphy

17. The Pyrenees Topography Topographic cross-section Aquitaine Basin Ebro Basin N S Geodynamic model

19. Thrust propagation consumes foreland basin (D. Garcia-Castellanoset al, 1997)

20. Flexure Foreland basin Thrusting Flexural Basin Concept Price 1973 Pinchout point

21. Pro-peripheral basin (Over subducting slab lots of thrusting)

22. - Ebro Basin (Pro-peripheral) from Verges et al., 1995. - Aquitaine Basin (Retro-peripheral) from Desegaulx and Brunet 1990. time time orogenesis distance distance Ebro Basin Aquitaine Basin (Pro) (Retro) Upper Senonian Oligocene 0 50km Lower Cretaceous Upper Eocene Foreland basin succession basement Lower Eocene (sandst.) Lower Eocene (carbonates) Palaeocene

23. Foreland Basin Summary • Foreland basins are elongate basins located at ocean-continent and continent-continent collision zones • They form in flexural depressions • The flexural depression can be modelled using an elastic beam • The growth of topography loads the beam • The basin is bound by the thrust front and the stable craton • The advection of the basin fill towards the mountain belt creates accommodation space • The basin is consumed as the thrust front propagates out

24. www.geos.ed.ac.uk/homes/mnaylor/Links.html