IMPORTANCE OF CRIME SCENE: COLLECTION & PRESERVATION OF EVIDENCE

1. # #CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION SHERLOCK INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE INDIA (SIFS INDIA)

2. Crime Scene Investigation !! WHAT IS CRIME !! * The word Crime is derived from the Latin root Cerno, meaning "I Decide, I Give Judgment. * Crime is the breach of Rules or Laws for which some Governing Authority (via mechanisms such as legal systems) can Ultimately Prescribe a Conviction.

3. #Crime Scene Investigation !! PROSPECTUS !! Module-1: Crime Scene Investigations Module-2: Physical Evidence Module-3: Investigation Techniques Module-4: Glass Evidence Module-5: Soil Evidence Module-6: Paint Evidence Module-7: Tool Marks and Impressions Module-8: Fiber

4. #Crime Scene Investigation !! CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION !! * Based on the Scientific Method and the Locard Exchange Principle, Logic and Forensic Techniques Involve * Recognition- Scene Survey, Documentation, Collection * Identification- Comparison Testing * Individualization- Evaluation and Interpretation * Reconstruction- Reporting and Presenting Goals are to determine the following… * What happened * Where did it happen * When did it happen * Why did it happen * Who may have perpetrated these actions * How was the incident carried out

5. #Crime Scene Investigation !! TYPE OF CRIME SCENE !! INDOOR CRIME SCENE: Evidence at an indoor scene is generally less susceptible to loss, contamination and deleterious change. Indoor crime scenes are usually easier to secure and protect, and securing a scene can be as simple as closing a door. OUTDOOR CRIME SCENE: The outdoor crime scene is the most vulnerable to loss, contamination, and deleterious change of physical evidence in a relatively short period of time. Individuals with access to the scene can potentially alter, destroy or contaminate evidence.

6. #Crime Scene Investigation !! TYPE OF EVIDENCE !! * Direct Evidence that (if true) proves an alleged fact; includes first hand observations such as eyewitness accounts. Confessions are also considered direct evidence. Also police dash videos * Circumstantial Evidence is indirect evidence that can be used to imply a fact but that does not directly prove it; but circumstantial evidence at a crime scene may provide a link between the crime scene and the suspect. * Circumstantial evidence can be either physical or biological in nature.

7. #Crime Scene Investigation !! PHYSICAL EVIDENCE !! PHYSICAL EVIDENCE includes impressions such as… * Fingerprints * Footprints * Shoe Prints * Tire Impressions * Tool Marks * Fibers * Weapons * Bullets * Cartridge Cases.

8. #Crime Scene Investigation !! BIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE !! BIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE includes… * Body Fluids * Hair * Plant Parts * Natural Fibers.

9. #Crime Scene Investigation !! THE 7thCRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION !! * Securing the Scene * Separating the Witnesses * Scanning the Scene * Seeing the Scene * Sketching the Scene * Searching for Evidence * Securing & Collecting Evidence

10. #Crime Scene Investigation !! SECURING & COLLECTING EVIDENCE !! 1:Evidence can be massive to Microscopic. 2: May only be detected in a Crime Lab, ex. traces of Blood on Clothing, Hair and Fibers from Vacuum Sweeps. 3: It is sometimes necessary to confiscate clothing from victim and perp. 4: Critical areas should be vacuumed; sweepings from different areas must be kept separate. 5: Finger nail scrapings must also be taken from suspects and victims.

11. #Crime Scene Investigation !! SECURING & COLLECTING EVIDENCE !! All Evidence Needs to be Properly Packaged, Sealed and Labeled. The Evidence log should contain all Pertinent Information Including: * Case No * Item Inventory No * Description of the Evidence * Name of Suspect * Name of Victim * Date & Time of Recovery * Signature of Person Recovering the Evidence * Signature of any Witnesses Present

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