Kinds of Psychotherapy

1. Kinds of Psychotherapy Part 1

2. Objectives Summarize therapy • Describe what a psychotherapist does • What is psychoanalysis and analyze some techniques associated with it • Describe the psychodynamic theory and analyze some techniques associated with it • List the four behavior therapy Methods techniques

3. Kinds of Psychotherapy • Psychotherapists want help clients: • Think about their lives • Find solutions to problems that plague them • Philosophy and methods of different types of psychotherapy vary

4. Psychodynamic Therapy • Psychoanalysis is a method of “depth” psychotherapy developed by Sigmund Freud, emphasizing the exploration of unconscious motives and conflicts • “talking cure” • Analysis of dreams, memories

5. Technique of Psychoanalysis • Free association in psychodynamic therapies, the process of saying freely whatever comes to mind in connection with dreams, memories, fantasies, or conflicts • Person talking on couch; therapists says very little • No rush to solve problems • Come in for anxiety or headaches, may take years to get to symptoms; because just tip of “iceberg”

6. chapter 12 Psychodynamic therapy Psychoanalysis A method of psychotherapy developed by Freud, emphasizes the exploration of unconscious motives and conflicts Free association In psychoanalysis, a method of uncovering unconscious conflicts by saying freely whatever comes to mind

7. Freud's method= Modern day • Psychodynamic therapy- share goal of exploring the unconscious dynamics of personality BUT different than Freudian analysis in different ways • Deeper therapies

8. chapter 12 Psychodynamic therapy Other psychodynamic therapies also explore unconscious dynamics, but differ from Freudian analysis. Transference In psychodynamic therapies, a critical step in which the client transfers unconscious emotions or reactions, such as conflicts with parents, onto the therapist

9. Psychotherapy techniques • transference- client transfers (displacement), emotional elements of his or her life (usually feelings about one’s parents), outward to the analyst • Ever immediately disliked someone, then realized person was just like relative? • Similar to transference • Self defeating habits

10. Behavior and Cognitive Therapy • Not worried about past, parents, unconscious anxieties • Want to know reinforcers in environment • Want to understand thought process, beliefs • Behavior therapy- applies classical and operant conditioning • 4 METHODS

11. chapter 12 Behavior therapy A form of therapy that applies classical and operant conditioning to help people change own defeating or problematic behaviors

12. Method # 1 Exposure • Graduated exposure in behavior therapy, a method in which a person suffering from an anxiety disorder, such as a phobiaor panic attacks, is gradually confronted with the feared object or situation until the anxiety subsides • For example: Air travel. Drive by airport, go into terminal, get on plane, all the time seeing a psychotherapist.

13. chapter 12 Graduated exposure In behavior therapy, a method in which a person suffering from an anxiety disorder, such as a phobia, is gradually taken into the feared situation or exposed to a traumatic memory, until the anxiety subsides

14. Exposure continued • Flooding in behavior therapy, a form of exposure treatment in which the client is taken directly into the feared situation until his or her panic subsides • Agoraphobia= take to a dept. store, subway • Different than psychodynamic would analyze why afraid but Behavior takes right to spot

15. chapter 12 Flooding A technique whereby a person suffering from an anxiety disorder, such as a phobia, is taken directly into the feared situation until the anxiety subsides

16. Method #2:Systematic desensitization • Step by step process, breaking down client’s conditioned associations • Older technique, 1958 • Based on counter conditioning – rabbit and ice cream • Usually use relaxation= Pair relaxation with feared stimuli • For example: Spiders- read charlottes web, look at pics. of cute spiders, look at pics. of tarantulas, observe real spider, each step more relaxed

17. chapter 12 Systematic desensitization A step-by-step process of desensitizing a client to a feared object or experience Based on counter conditioning

18. Method #3 Behavioral self monitoring 2 examples • Identify reinforcers that are supporting your unwanted habits= For Example -attention from others, temporary relief from tension or unhappiness, money or free meal (tangible) • Method= keep record of behavior • Overeater does not realize how much they eat • eat when relieving stress or tension. Chart it • Mom says kid “always” throws temper tantrums- behavior record will show who, when, where, tantrums occurred • Then treatment program designed – find way to reduce stress- exercise:

19. chapter 12 Behavioral self-monitoring A method of keeping careful data on the frequency and consequences of a behavior to be changed

20. Method #4 Skills training • Don’t be shy? (but can’t make small talk) • Don’t yell (but can’t express themselves) • Only problems need solutions • Operant techniques- role playing, modeling • Shy -learn to focus on other people • Anger management= parents classes on how to discipline children

21. chapter 12 Skills training An effort to teach a client skills or new more constructive behaviors to replace self-defeating ones

22. Summary • Psychoanalysis • Psychodynamic • Behavior