Progressivism

1. Progressivism SSUSH 13a, b, d, e

2. SSUSH13 The student will identify major efforts to reform American society and politics in the Progressive Era. a. ExplainUpton Sinclair’s The Jungle and federal oversight of the meatpacking industry. b. IdentifyJane Addams and Hull House and describe the role of women in reform movements. c. Describe the rise of Jim Crow, Plessy v. Ferguson, and the emergence of the NAACP. d. ExplainIda Tarbell’s role as a muckraker. e. Describe the significance of progressive reforms such as the initiative, recall, and referendum; direct election of senators; reform of labor laws; and efforts to improve living conditions for the poor in cities. f. Describe the conservation movement and the development of national parks and forests; include the role of Theodore Roosevelt.

3. PROGRESSIVISM CivilRights Suffragettes Muckrackers Temperance Labor Unions MidclassWomen Popul ists Goo Goos

4. Introduction to Progressivism Manhattan's "Bandit's Roost" Alley, 1888 Men loiter in the alley known as "Bandit's Roost" off Mulberry Street in lower Manhattan.

5. Progressivism: • What? • Reaction to Industrial Revolution (1890s-1920s) Why? • Reaction to problems of Industrial Revolution How? • Use the government to fix those problems

6. Progressivism: • Who? • Middle to upper-middle class • Urban/city dwellers • High educated • Lots were women Senator Robert La Follette Sr. speaks to a group of women during his unsuccessful run for President as a Progressive in 1924.

7. Who got them started: • Muckrakers • Journalists that investigated and exposed problems

8. The Jungle, Upton Sinclair: • It was only when the whole ham was spoiled that it came into the department of Elzbieta. Cut up by the two-thousand-revolutions-a-minute flyers, and mixed with half a ton of other meat, no odor that ever was in a ham could make any difference. There was never the least attention paid to what was cut up for sausage; there would come all the way back from Europe old sausage that had been rejected, and that was moldy and white - it would be dosed with borax and glycerine, and dumped into the hoppers, and made over again for home consumption. There would be meat that had tumbled out on the floor, in the dirt and sawdust, where the workers had tramped and spit uncounted billions of consumption germs. There would be meat stored in great piles in rooms; and the water from leaky roofs would drip over it, and thousands of rats would race about on it. It was too dark in these storage places to see well, but a man could run his hand over these piles of meat and sweep off handfuls of the dried dung of rats. These rats were nuisances, and the packers would put poisoned bread out for them; they would die, and then rats, bread, and meat would go into the hoppers together. This is no fairy story and no joke; the meat would be shoveled into carts, and the man who did the shoveling would not trouble to lift out a rat even when he saw one - there were things that went into the sausage in comparison with which a poisoned rat was a tidbit.

9. And it became a reform movement: • Progressives - Made 3 Kinds of Reforms: • Social Reforms • Economic Reforms • Political Reforms

10. And it became a reform movement: • Progressives - Made 3 Kinds of Reforms: • Social Reforms Social Problems Reforms/Reformers Jane Addams & Hull House (in Chicago!) 1. Urban Poverty • Beginnings of social work • Provided education, job training, day care, medical care to poor immigrants

11. And it became a reform movement: • Progressives - Made 3 Kinds of Reforms: • Social Reforms Social Problems Reforms/Reformers Jacob Riis 1. Urban poverty 2. Unsafe housing • Photographer of the lives of poor city dwellers • Spurred reforms of crime, disease, building codes

12. And it became a reform movement: • Progressives - Made 3 Kinds of Reforms: • Social Reforms Social Problems Reforms/Reformers WCTU - Women’s Christian Temperence Union 3. Drinking • 18th Ammendment - Prohibited making/selling alcohol (Prohibition) Carry Nation Temperance supporter Carry Nation speaks out against alcohol holding a Bible and a hatchet. Nation was famous for taking a hatchet to bar fixtures and stock

13. And it became a reform movement: • Progressives - Made 3 Kinds of Reforms: • Social Reforms Social Problems Reforms/Reformers 4. Crime/Fires • Professional fire, police departments 1911-New York, NY: Traingle Shirt Waist fire disaster view of some of the ruins after the blaze swept the factory

14. And it became a reform movement: • Progressives - Made 3 Kinds of Reforms: • Social Reforms Social Problems Reforms/Reformers 5. Child labor Child Labor Laws

16. Thinking Slide (Think! Don’t Write!) If you were in charge, which of the social reforms would you tackle first? Why?

17. And it became a reform movement: • Progressives - Made 3 Kinds of Reforms: • Economic Reforms Economic Problems Reforms/Reformers 1. Large corporate monopolies Ida Tarbell • Took on the corruption of Standard Oil through a series of magazine articles Government began “busting” monopolies

18. And it became a reform movement: • Progressives - Made 3 Kinds of Reforms: • Political Reforms Political Problems Reforms/Reformers 2. Corrupt Government Initiative - people get around corrupt politicians by proposing legislation themselves Referendum - people have to approve legislation

19. And it became a reform movement: • Progressives - Made 3 Kinds of Reforms: • Political Reforms Political Problems Reforms/Reformers 1. Corrupt Government • Recall - people can recall corrupt politicans • Secret ballot • Women’s suffrage (voting) • Direct election of Senators

20. Pigs Cartoon “Bosses of the Senate” What does it mean?

21. What did Progressives fight for? • 17th Amendment: direct election of Senators *Made Congress more accountable to the people