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Autism & PDD

Autism Spectrum Disorders Development of Young Children with Disabilities #872.514 (61) Carol Ann Heath. Autism & PDD. Neurological disorder affecting a child’s abilities: Atypical communication Social reciprocity Repetitive behaviors Autism spectrum: pervasive developmental disorders.

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Autism & PDD

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  1. AutismSpectrum DisordersDevelopment of Young Children with Disabilities#872.514 (61)Carol Ann Heath

  2. Autism & PDD • Neurological disorder affecting a child’s abilities: • Atypical communication • Social reciprocity • Repetitive behaviors • Autism spectrum: pervasive developmental disorders

  3. DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4thed, Text Revision Symptoms pervade all areas of development includes: • Autistic disorder • Asperger’s disorder • Rett’s disorder • Childhood disintegrative disorder • PDD-NOS

  4. Autism • 1943 - Leo Kanner: first described the syndrome of autism; derived from the Greek word for self-absorption; organic condition; • 1944- Hans Asperger: diffculties with language and socialization. • 1950’s Bettleheim: poor parenting • 1970’s – 80’s Lovaas: ABA

  5. Characteristics • Limited verbal language • Atypical social relationships; lack of social interaction and reciprocity • Obsessions • Repetitive behaviors • Ritualized behaviors • Fascination with objects and restricted patterns

  6. Prevalence • Autism & PDD = 1/150 • Affects boys 4x more often than girls • Cause unknown: without a single etiology • Researchers finding brain differences • Researchers finding biochemical differences • Not caused by psychological factors • Genetic predisposition with environmental interaction

  7. Development • Often typical regulation - yrs 1 & 2 • >2, tendency toward hyper • Reactivity • Sensitivity • Difficult to calm/console • Generally, good gross + fine motor skills

  8. Development continued ... • Generally, good • Perceptual abilities • Sensory capacities • Learn about object use more slowly • Use objects in atypical ways • Pretend play usually limited • Emotional flatness • Language acquisition severely delayed

  9. Diagnosis • Symptoms present by 3 years of age • Child displays > 6 of 12 symptoms re: • Social interaction • Communication • Behavior

  10. Associated Conditions • Intellectual disability • Learning disabilities • Epilepsy • Tics • Sleep disorders • Gastrointestinal symptoms • Psychiatric conditions

  11. Genetic Disorders • Tuberous sclerosis • Fragilel X • Chromosome 15 • Down Syndrome • CHARGE • Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome

  12. Interventions • 1 to 1 behavior therapy (Lovaas) • Behavior therapy • Speech/language therapy • Medication • Psychotherapy

  13. Interventionscontinued ... • SI • Special education • Nutritional treatments • Secretin • Family support

  14. PDD • Child with behaviors similar to autism • Less severe • Do not meet criteria for autism

  15. References • Hyman, S. L. & Towbin, K. E. Autism spectrum disorders. pp. 325-343. In Batshaw, M. L., Pellegrino, L., & Roizen, N. J. (2007). Children with Disabilities (6th Ed.) Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes. • http://www.case.edu/affil/sce/Texts_2005/Autism%20and%20Representation%20Silverman.htm

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