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The Age of Heretics:

The Age of Heretics:. A story of Management History By Art Kleiner. Time Line. Preindustrial 4 th -8 th century Benedictine monasteries demonstrate a “self contained corporate form”

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The Age of Heretics:

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  1. The Age of Heretics: A story of Management History By Art Kleiner

  2. Time Line • Preindustrial • 4th -8th century Benedictine monasteries demonstrate a “self contained corporate form” • 16th century Regulated merchant companies charted by the crown, emerge to keep traders safe from liabilities • 16th century “Double entry bookkeeping” methods allow debt and equity to be recorded in Venice • 1840-1910 Railroads, textiles, steel and explosives companies develop more “sophisticated forms of tracking” using metrics

  3. Time Line • 1880 -1930 Frederick Taylor’s “scientific management” establishes numbers as the dominant method of tracking productivity - time study, MTM • 1920 “Divisional” corporate form emerges at Dupont and GM and supersedes other forms of corporate governance • 1920-1930 A few corporate heretics begin to discover the tyranny of numbers. Numbers can lie and liars know how to use numbers • Countercultures emerge in the early industrial era • 1938 Kurt Lewin and Ron Lippitt study democracy in the good ole boys club

  4. Time Line • 1920-1930 Social psychologists begin to study human behavior (Maslow, Mayo) • 1946 The Connecticut race-relations workshop leads to the invention of T-groups and founding of the NTL (National Training Labs) • 1950 “Systems” disciplines evolve in World War II reshaping engineering • 1954 Ed Shine studies “brainwashing” in Korea • 1957 McGregor presents “Theory X and Theory Y”

  5. Time Line • 1961 Forrester develops “Industrial Dynamics” a moving away from mental modeling to computer modeling • 1960 Modern environmental movement start • 1964 Race riots at Kodak in Rochester, NY • 1964 McGregor publishes The Human Use of Human Beings • 1966 Ralf Nader sues GM for harassment after writing his book against the Corvair • 1970 Campaign GM sparks debate over “corporate social responsibility”

  6. Time Line • 1970 “Quality of working life” movement emerges focusing on redesign of large plants through labor-management agreements • 1970’s Organizational development (OD) • 1973 Women’s caucus emerges at NTL • 1980’s Quality movement, Japanese management styles, self managing work teams, reengineering, JIT inventory contrpl • 1900’s Continued team development, impact of personal computing, more downsizing • 2000’s further technology advances, lap tops, internet, e-mail, cell phones, text messaging, virtual management, video conferencing, social networking and second life

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