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The Baroque period

The Baroque period. 1600-1750. Music Styles. Concerto Grosso 3 movements (fast, slow, fast) Small group of soloists with a larger group of players Concerto Grosso in D minor (Antonio Vivaldi) Link Fugue Polyphonic composition based on one main theme Imitation is main technique

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The Baroque period

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  1. The Baroque period 1600-1750

  2. Music Styles • Concerto Grosso • 3 movements (fast, slow, fast) • Small group of soloists with a larger group of players • Concerto Grosso in D minor (Antonio Vivaldi) Link • Fugue • Polyphonic composition based on one main theme • Imitation is main technique • Fugue in G minor (Johann Sebastian Bach) Link • Sonata • Composition in several movements for 1-8 instrumentalists • Originated in Italy, but spread to Germany, England, and France • Sonata for Trumpet, Strings, and Basso Continuo (Arcangelo Corelli) Link

  3. Music Styles • Suite • Several dance inspired movements • National origins • Germany: Allemande (Johann Sebastian Bach example) • France: Courante & Gavotte (Johann Sebastian Bach Couranteexample) • Spain: Sarabande(Johann Sebastian Bach example) • England/Ireland: Gigue (Charles Duiparteexample) • Chorale • Hymn tune sung to a religious German text • Included a prelude to help the congregation remember how the melody went • Jesu, meinFreude (Jesus, my Joy) Johann Sebastian Bach Link • Cantata • Used mostly in Lutheran churches • Vocal and instrumental • Based on Sunday’s sermon • Composers wrote new cantatas for each week • EinungefarbtGemute (An undyed mind) Johann Sebastian Bach Link

  4. Music Styles • Oratorio • LARGE scale work for soloists, choir, and orchestra • Based on biblical stories, but not intended for church services • Originated in Italy • Messiah is the best known oratorio (George Friedrich Handel) • Hallelujah Chorus G.F. Handel Link • Opera • Drama that is sung with an orchestra background • Libretto – Text of opera • Aria – Solo • Recitative - Choir

  5. Opera • Started in Italy around 1600 • Must act and sing at the same time • Voice Categories • Coloratura soprano • Very high and fast female singer • Lyric soprano • Light, graceful, and charming female singer • Dramatic soprano • Powerful, passionate female singer • Lyric tenor • Light, bright male singer • Dramatic tenor • Powerful, heroic male singer • Basso Buffo • Comical and fast male singer • Basso Profundo • Very low range, powerful, and dignified male singer

  6. Opera • Orchestra • Opens the opera with a prelude • Not in view of audience • Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643) • Wrote first opera, “Orfeo” (Orpheus) in 1607 • Tu se morta– Act 2 Link • You are dead, you are dead, my dearest • And I breathe; you have left me, • You have left me forevermore, • Never to return, and I remain— • No, no, if my verses have any power • I will go confidently to the deepest abysses • And having melted the heart of the king of shadows • Will bring you back ot me to see the stars again, • Or, if pitiless fate denies me this, • I will remain with you in the company of death. • Farewell earth, farewell sky, and sun, farwell

  7. Famous Composers • Claudio Monteverdi • 1567-1643 • Italian • Madrigals, church music,and opera • Wrote music with a lot of emotional intensity • Henry Purcell • 1659-1695 • London • Buried under the Westminster Abbey organ • Wrote church music, secular choral music, small instrumental works, and one opera • Famous Work: Dido and Aeneas (opera) Link

  8. Famous Composers • Arcangelo Corelli • 1653-1713 • Italian • Violinist and composer • Wrote string music • Famous Work: Trio Sonata in A minor Link • Antonio Vivaldi • 1678-1741 • Venice, Italy • “The Red Priest” • Violin teacher, composer, conductor • Wrote operas, church music, solo concertos • Famous Work: The Four Seasons (Spring) Link

  9. Famous Composers • Johann Sebastian (J.S.) Bach • 1685-1750 • Germany • Church felt his music was too complicated • Church organist • 20 children (10 survived into adulthood) • Last job was Director of Music of St. Thomas Church in Leipzig, Germany • Conductor, composer, organ teacher, performer, judged the construction of organs • Composed every form except opera • Polyphonic textures • Many famous works! • His death was the reason for the end of the Baroque period

  10. Famous Composers • George Friedrich Handel • 1685-1759 • Germany (one month before Bach) • Organist, violinist, harpsichordist • Wrote operas and oratorios • Famous Work: The Messiah

  11. Activity • Working with classmates and using your notes, fill out the Baroque Style Comparison Chart.

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