Biotechnology Unit 8.L.2

1. Biotechnology Unit8.L.2

2. Understand how biotechnology is used to affect living organisms. • Biotechnology can affect living organisms either directly or indirectly. 8L2.1 – Essential Understanding

3. What are the pros and cons of biotechnology? Main Essential Question

4. Summarize aspects of biotechnology including: • Specific genetic information available • Careers • Economic benefits to NC • Ethical issues • Implications for agriculture 8L2.1 Essential Standard

5. Technology is essential to science for such purposes as sample collection and treatment, measurement, data collection and storage, computation, and communication of information. Essential Understandings #1

6. Traditional biotechnology #2

7. Is it ethical to create/design living organisms? • Should you know/have a say in which foods are genetically altered before eating them? • How might advances in biotechnology affect society? • How have we benefitted from biotechnology? • Do the benefits of genetically altered food outweigh the risks? Essential Questions

8. Involves the use of living cells and their molecules to solve problems and make useful products. A Bio-Patch Regrows Bone Inside the Body http://news.discovery.com/tech/biotechnology New Biotechnology

9. 3 basic kinds of biotechnology tools • Working with cells. • Working with proteins • Working with genes Biotechnology is not just one technology, but many.

10. Selective Breeding Produces specific offspring with specific traits. Working with cells

11. Genetic Modification - changes the genetic material of a living organism. • This practice is used to make medicines and treat diseases. Used to improve crops and produce organisms used in scientific research) Working with genes

12. Many industries are finding uses for new tools provided by biotechnology. Health care industry: diagnose, treat and prevent disease. • Food and agriculture industries are rapidly adopting the tools of biotechnology. • Energy and Environment where living cells and their molecules can help us to clean up our environment, detect environmental contamination, reduce our dependence on petroleum. Industrial Uses

13. Emerging world of biotechnology which gives us advances and new careers in medicine, agriculture, genetics and food science. Benefitted NC in many ways, has raised ethical issues Microbial world

14. Through food, water and shelter • Modern uses: Some examples: • penicillin, • human insulin for diabetes, • combat crime through DNA testing and forensic testing • Removing pollution from soil and water (bioremediation) • Improving quality of agricultural crops and livestock. How does biotechnology affect us?

15. Genetic Modification • Cloning New areas that are controversial

16. is the science of using or changing living things to improve or benefit people’s lives. • Science that uses living things (or parts of them, such as genes) to change other living things to make products for human use. What is biotechnology?

17. Biotechnology: is the science of using or changing living things to improve or benefit people’s lives. • Science that uses living things (or parts of them, such as genes) to change other living things to make products for human use. • Microorganism: (micro – very small) organism = any living thing very small organism Selective breeding: two organisms with desirable traits are mated to produce offspring with those same desired traits. Vocabulary for unit

18. Selective breeding: two organisms with desirable traits are mated to produce offspring with those same desired traits. • Genetic engineering: change the DNA of organisms • Bioengineering: another term for genetic engineering: the use of artificial tissues, organs, or organ components to replace damaged or absent parts of the body, such as artificial limbs and heart pacemakers. Vocabulary continued

19. Clone: an organism that is the exact genetic match of another organism. • Genetic Modification: changes the genetic material of a living organism • Bioremediation: (bio – living) (remediation – process of fixing a problem) – using living things to help fix an environmental problem. Example: bacteria eating up oil from an oil spill. Vocabulary continued

20. Genes – passed from one to another: the instructions for all traits. • Physical Traits – how an organism looks • Behavioral trait – are how an organism acts • Somatic cell – any cell in an organism other than a sperm or egg cell. • Enucleate – remove the nucleus from the cell. • Specialized cells – As the embryo develops cells change and then have specific jobs to do. • Unspecialized cells – cells in an embryo are the same: none have a specific job as of yet. • Gene gun: machine that shoots gene-coated pellets through the cells of a plan in order to introduce a new gene to that plant. • Undifferentiated cells: cells which have not become specialized Vocabulary from readings

21. Herbicides - chemical s used to kill weeds that can harm crops. Not selective and will kill other living organisms. • Stem cells: unspecialized cells that make up the embryo in its early stages of development • Embryonic stem cells: Unspecialized cells n an embryo that differentiate into most cell types of an organism • Adult stem cells: unspecialized cells that are found in certain parts of an organism’s body and which are used to maintain and repair the tissue in which they are found. Vocabulary from reading cont.