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This module covers essential concepts in gene expression, focusing on key components such as promoter regions, operons (including the lac operon), and regulatory mechanisms like repressors and enhancers. It also explores the role of viruses, including bacteriophages, in gene expression. The section on biotechnology includes practical techniques like gel electrophoresis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and applications in forensics. Additionally, we discuss genetic transfer methods such as conjugation, transduction, and transformation, highlighting their significance in bacterial genetics.
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